p1 V1 Initial find -- there are many ways p2 V2 V1 I can get from one state to the other.

初态的氩气状态为,末态为。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Now, one of the points I made last week, for those of you who were here, is that one of the themes that ties European history together is the growth of the modern state, of state-making.

上节课来了的人可能记得,我谈到一个观点,现代国家的形成和民族国家的构建,是联系欧洲历史的一个主题

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Now, you might look at that formulation, the state of war is one against--of all against all and you might say that such a condition of civil war, of maximum insecurity, of the total breakdown of condition of rules and laws is if anything the state of the exception.

现在，你可以看一下那个构想，抗一切人的状态,你可能会说这种,内战，最大安全感，法律规范全面崩溃的状态,实质上是一种异常状态。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

If you look at the ground state in two different systems -If you look at the ground state which is n equals one, think about this, if I increase the proton charge, the Coulombic force of attraction is greater.

如果你观察两个不同系统的基态,当你观察n，等于1的基态时，试想一下，如果我增加质子电荷，相互吸引的库仑力就会更大。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选