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As he puts it, there's a famous syllogism that people learn in their logic classes from Aristotle.
他的说法是，人们在亚里士多德的,逻辑课堂上学到一个著名的推论。
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Notice how they differ from Aristotle's views.
注意它们是如何不同于亚里士多德的观点
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To begin to answer this question you might say even begin to think about it in the right way requires that we stand back from Aristotle's text for a while and ask some fundamental questions about it.
若要开始回答这个问题,你也甚至可以说,开始以正确的方式思考这个问题,需要我们,暂时放下亚里士多德的大作,回头提问一些基本的问题。
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People were used to that from the time of Aristotle.
亚里士多德时代的人们觉得这很自然
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This is what distinguishes Aristotle from Machiavelli and all those later thinkers who take their bearings from Machiavelli.
这就是亚里士多德,与马奇亚维利的差别，还有那些稍后,以马奇亚维利为其主轴核心的思想家。
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Aristotle appears from the beginning to look more like what we would think of as a political scientist.
亚里士多德,从一开始就更像是我们会认为的,政治科学家。
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We can begin to see it is clear how Aristotle's best regime differs from Plato's intransigent demand for the rule of philosopher-kings.
我们可以开始清楚地发现,亚里士多德的最佳政体,如何有别于柏拉图,对哲学家国王统治的不妥协要求。
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His study of the regime that is to say the underlying constitutional principles that govern each order is what distinguishes Aristotle from the other social scientists.
他对政体的研究,也就是说,潜在且管理,每一种规范的宪法原则,即是让亚里士多德不同于,其它社会科学家的地方。
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But Aristotle's mixed constitution differs from ours still in certain important respects.
嗯，当然！但，亚里士多德的混合宪法,仍然在一些重要的方面。
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Where Aristotle made the courage of men in combat a central virtue of his ethics, Hobbes pointedly omits courage from his list of the moral virtues.
亚里士多德把战争中,勇敢的人作为最高美德，而霍布斯恰恰是把勇敢,从美德的列表里删掉了。
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Political philosophy is the oldest of the social sciences and it can boast a wealth of heavy hitters from Plato and Aristotle to Machiavelli Hobbes Hegel Tocqueville Nietzsche and so on.
政治哲学是社会科学中,最古老的学科,且会触及大量重棒人物,从柏拉图，亚里士多德到马奇亚维利，贺伯斯,及黑格尔，托克维尔，尼采等人。
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The first, which one finds among manymodern-day commentators, many kind of neo-Aristotelians, we might call them, is to simply avert our eyes from the harsh, unappealing aspects of Aristotle's thought and proceed as if he never actually said or meant such things.
第一种是,你在今天随处可见的评论者，多种的新亚里士多德派学者，我们可以这么称呼他们，他们就只是转移我们的目光，不去看亚里士多德想法中刺眼，不讨喜的观点,单纯地以为,他好像从未说过或意指这档事。
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You might even think in your class, in your sections, how or in what ways does Machiavelli's armed prophet differ in important ways both from Plato's philosopher king, as well as Aristotle's notion Megalopsychos of the megalopsychos as the sort of magnanimous statesman.
你们在稍后的讨论时间中，可以探讨，如何且以何种方式,使得马奇亚维利的武装先知,明显不同于,柏拉图的哲学家国王，还有亚里士多德,定义的,类似具有高尚品德的政治家。
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That's what you learn, Hobbes believes, from the reading of Aristotle and the Greeks and Romans, regicide, that the only legitimate form of government is a republic and that it is a lawful and even it's your duty to kill your king.
唯一合法的政府应当是共和政体的政府，而且弑君在一定意义上也应当是合法的,甚至那还有可能是你应尽的义务,这就是那些年轻人从阅读亚里士多德,和古希腊罗马书籍中学到的东西。
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Aristotle takes his stand from within politics and the regime of which he is a part. Of course we all know contemporary political scientists are not neutral. They frequently insert their views values we call them value judgments we call them.
亚里士多德的立场却是置身于,政治与政体之内,让自己成为其中的一部份，当然,我们都知道当今的政治科学,并非如此中立，他们常硬加入,他们自身的观点与价值，他们的价值判断。
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The core of political science at least according to Aristotle and to this degree I'm very much an Aristotelian what distinguishes it from all other studies Politea is the concept of the regime of the politea.
政治科学的核心,至少根据亚里士多德,在这方面，我绝对是亚里士多德学派,让它有别于其它研究的地方,是政体的概念。
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that you were coming in to study what he calls "the master science " " the science of sciences " in some respects. It is that priority that Aristotle attributes to the regime that I think is what distinguishes his kind of political science from that of today.
你正开始学习的,是他所谓的主导科学“,“科学中的科学“,就某些层面而言,就因为亚里士多德将这种优先考虑,加到政体之中，因此让他的政治科学,有别于今日的政治科学。
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There are certainly echoes of this reading of Aristotle as a teacher of participatory republican government in the later writings of democratic thinkers from Tocqueville to Hannah Arendt.
有不少声音响应,这种对亚里士多德的解读,将他视为是参与式共和政府的恩师,例如日后民主思想家,托克维尔及，Hannah，Arendt的著作。
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