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They also allow their populations of proteins on the surface of each cell that allow it to interact with its environment, they're receptors and cell adhesion receptors like I talked about last time.
它们同时也使得,这些细胞表面的蛋白质群,使得细胞能够和周围环境进行互动,它们是受体和细胞粘附受体,我上次也说过的
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And the figure was that some 2,000 people die as a result of accidents each year using cell phones.
数据显示每年有2000人左右,因开车时使用手机，而死于车祸。
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If this happens correctly, each of the new cells has exactly the same composition as the parent cell.
如果一切正常,每一个新细胞都会,和亲代细胞在组成上完全一致
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When I talked about mitosis, I talked about cells making perfect copies of each other, so each parent cell becoming two daughter cells that are the same.
我讲有丝分裂的时候,谈到过细胞能够完美的复制自己,母细胞分裂成为,两个完全一样的子细胞
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The topic for this week is cell communication: how mechanisms that cells within a complex organism use to communicate with each other at short distances or long distances.
本周的主题是细胞通讯,即在一个复杂机体中的细胞,采用何种交流机制,在或长或短的距离中相互联系
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These junctions, these red dots here are actually made up of proteins, some are synthesized by one cell, some are synthesized by each other, and they lock together to form a very tight barrier, to form a tight junction between the two cells.
这些红点表示细胞连接,实际上是由蛋白质构成的,有些是由一个细胞单独生成的,有些是由两个细胞共同生成,使这两个细胞紧锁在一起形成紧密的屏障,并在两细胞间形成紧密连接
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That would be a very straightforward functional way to do it, but you could imagine that that's very labor intensive because you've got to separate each individual cell, and you've got to nurture it and then keep track and study what it becomes.
这是一种非常直截了当的有效方法,但你能想象这得耗费海量的人力,因为你得分离每一个细胞,并进行培养,然后还得追踪和研究它们的变化
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Cells share signals with each other, and that leads to activation of a specific cell population if we're thinking about a vaccine that produces antibodies, that leads to activation of B-cells, immature B-cells, which do two things.
细胞与细胞之间存在信号传递,而这将激活特定的细胞群体,如果是一些能够产生抗体的疫苗,抗体将会激活B淋巴细胞,幼B淋巴细胞,使其发生两种变化
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