If you have a bond with an interest rate of 4.375% -that's not an easy one to divide by two but you would get half of that every six months until maturity.
如果你持有一种利率为4.375%的债券,这个数除以2有点难算,而在债券到期前,每半年你能得到4.375%一半的券息
When it breaks this bond, that chlorine atom, a free chlorine atom comes down and reacts, this is ozone, with the ozone in the upper atmosphere.
当它打破这个化学键,氯原子,一个自由的氯原子下来,和在大气层的上方的臭氧反应,这就是臭氧,在大气上层有臭氧。
I mean, hypothetically a bond trading at $.60 on the dollar with an 8% coupon, five-year bond that's yielding about 18%.
我的意思是,假设一种债券以0。60美元进行交易,同时有8%的票息,五年期债券收益率在18%左右。
It's much more relevant to set our zero point energy as the separation of a bond in terms of talking about the reactions that we'll usually be dealing with here.
更好的是把零点能定在,键断裂的时刻,在讨论化学反应的时候,而我们以后将经常遇到化学反应。
So, we have this security and a ten-year bond would have twenty coupons attached, each with a date on them.
我们持有这样的证券,是十年期的债券,并附有二十张息票,每一个都有日期在上面。
Whereas in molecular orbital theory, what I'm telling you is instead we understand that the electrons are spread all over the molecule, they're not just associated with a single atom or a single bond.
而在分子轨道理论里,我要告诉你们的时,我们任为电子分布在整个分子中,它们不仅仅是和,一个原子或者一个键有关。
If you looked at heteronuclear molecules and you wanted to compute the bond energy, you might start with the bond energies of the two constituents.
如果你看那些相同电子的分子,你想计算共享能,你也许会从,两个组成部分的总能量。
So what I want to tell you is we also always get the same bond order if we instead only deal with the valence electrons.
我想要说的是我们如果,只考虑价电子也可以得到相同的键序。
So, using our simple valence bond theory, what we would expect is that we want to pair up any unpaired electrons in methane with unpaired electrons from hydrogen and form bonds.
利用简单的价电子成键理论,我们预计,要把所有甲烷中没有配对的电子,和氢原子中没有配对的电子配对来形成键。
With an indexed bond you don't have to do this calculation to get the real rate.
对于物价指数债券,你无需,通过以上计算得到实际利率
Because step five is that we need to fill in our bonding electrons, and we start it with filling in two electrons per bond.
因为第五步要做的是将我们的成键电子填在这,所以我们开始在每个键处填上两个电子。
So, we see is when we use the octet rule to look at fluorine molecule, we're combining two fluorine atoms, and what we end up with is an f f molecule where they're sharing two electrons, so making that covalent bond.
那么,我们看到把八隅体规则用到氟分子上,就是把两个氟原子组合起来,最终得到的氟分子中两个原子,共用一对电子,这就构成了共价键。
If we have an annual return that we're looking at, we can find a completely riskless asset with an annual return-- it would be a government bond that matures in one year.
如果我们可以查看各项资产的年度收益,我们可以找到一个零风险,且达到预期年度收益的资产项目-,也许是一年期的政府债券。
So, we're going to start with talking about bonding, and any time we have a chemical bond, basically what we're talking about is having two atoms where the arrangement of their nuclei and their electrons are such that the bonded atoms results in a lower energythan for the separate atoms.
那么,下面我们将从成键开始讲起,无论什么时候我们有一个化学键,基本上我们所讨论的,都是如何安排两个原子的原子核的位置,与电子的位置使得成键的两个原子,最终比分开时的能量更低。
All right, so if we think about b h bond here, again, it's the sigma bond, and we're going to say it's a boron 2 s p 2 hybrid orbital interacting with a hydrogen 1 s orbital.
这可以告诉我们,为什么它倾向于周围只有6个电子,好了,考虑一下这里的BH键,同样的,它是sigma键,我们说。
The reason that it's a sigma bond is sp3 because the s p 3 hybrid orbital is directly interacting with the 1 s orbital of the hydrogen atom, and that's going to happen on the internuclear axis, they're just coming together.
它是sigma键的原因,是因为,杂化轨道直接和氢原子1s轨道相互作用,它们作用发生在核间轴上,它们会到一起。
So what I want to point out with this case in beryllium is that you don't have to use all of the electrons to figure out the bond order, and in fact, once you get to molecules 10 that are from atoms with atomic numbers of 8 or 10, you're not going to want to maybe draw out the full molecular orbital diagram.
我要指出的是,在Be这种情况下,你不需要利用,所有的电子来指导键序,实际上,一旦分子中,原子序数到达了8或者,你也许不想画出,整个分子轨道图。
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