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When these CD8 T-cells see your MHC1 together with an antigen that doesn't belong in you, it creates an immune response.
当CD8 T细胞识别MHC1时,同时识别了不属于你的抗原,由此产生免疫反应
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The antibody that they stimulate is antibody that's specific to this antigen that was presented earlier.
这些由辅助性T细胞,刺激增殖产生的抗体是,对应之前出现的抗原而产生的
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In the case of the helper cells they stimulate a specific population of B-cells to mature into antibody producing cells, and that antibody is generated against the antigen that stimulated it.
以辅助性T细胞为例,辅助性T细胞刺激特定的B细胞,使这些细胞成长为抗体分泌细胞,抗体分泌细胞产生大量的抗体,以消灭大量增殖的抗原
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The question is, "If you're naturally exposed to antigen wouldn't this happen anyway?"
她的问题是,在自然条件下,如果接触某种抗原,那么就是否就不发生二次免疫
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The other part of the adaptive immune system is the cell mediated immune system and this is an immune where that doesn't involve antibodies but involves cells that are activated in response to a foreign antigen and that utilize cellular means to get rid of it.
获得性免疫系统还包括,细胞免疫,这一免疫反应不包含抗体,但包含可以被激活来应答,并清除外源抗原的免疫细胞
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Now, if I was a person that was designing a vaccine and I noticed that this was the response that it got, that antibodies were produced, they reached some intermediate level, they started to fall, I would say, "Well I haven't stimulated the immune system enough, let me re-boost, let me give another dose of antigen."
现在,如果我正在研究一种疫苗,我注意到机体会对这种疫苗产生应答,也就是会产生抗体,当抗体浓度达到中等水平后,就开始下降,就可以说,疫苗对免疫系统刺激还不足,我需要提高抗原浓度,让我再把剂量再加大一倍
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Helper cells don't become cytotoxic cells but they help B cells become antigen producing - antibody producing cells.
附助细胞不会成为细胞毒细胞,它们帮助B细胞成为抗体分泌细胞
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The antigen has to be presented to helper T-cells, those helper T-cells have to stimulate a B-cell population to both proliferate and differentiate.
抗原需要被呈递给辅助性T细胞,这些辅助性T细胞需要激活B淋巴细胞,使其增殖和分化
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So, that's antigen presentation to this population of cells called cytotoxic T-cells, Tc, a subset of the class of T-cells in the immune system.
这些细胞被呈递给另一种细胞,这些细胞被称为细胞毒性T细胞,是免疫系统中T淋巴细胞的亚群中的一种
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In this case here, you're generating host cells, cytotoxic T-cells, that can kill only very specific cells, cells that are expressing this foreign antigen.
而在这个例子中,人产生宿主细胞,即细胞毒性T细胞,它只会消灭特定的细胞,也就是携带特定异己抗原的细胞
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Now, for antibody production it is still a T-cell that recognizes the antigen presenting cell.
现在,抗体的产生,仍是源于T淋巴细胞识别出抗原呈递细胞
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Because it has MHC-1, your MHC-1 on it, this T-cell recognizes that it's one of your cells but it has a foreign antigen associated with it.
因为该细胞上有MHC-1,T细胞将这些细胞识别为自身细胞,但这些细胞带有异己抗原
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Immune cells recognize it, and they recognize it by a very special form of receptor-ligand interaction where the ligand is MHC1 with the foreign antigen and the receptor is a receptor called the T-cell receptor complex.
免疫细胞识别出染病细胞,通过一种特殊形式的,受体配体协作机制识别出来,其中的配体是同,外源抗原共同出现的MHC1,而这其中受体是T细胞受体复合体
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