Kant calls it "purposiveness"--that is to say, the way in which the thing is organized according to some sort of guiding pattern.

康德称之为，“合目的性“，也就是说，依据某种引导型结构,组织事物的方式。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

So that it's not what the text means -which might be anything, according to Hirsch, if you just appeal to the text; it's what the author means to say.

所以不是文本的意思，而是作者想说的东西,赫施认为，文本的意思几乎可以是任何东西，如果你仅仅参考文本的话。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

The law of talion, which is essentially the principle that a person should be punished according to the injury they inflicted, it's been decried as a primitive, archaic reflex of the vengeance or vendetta principle.

复仇法，本质上讲述了人应该根据其所造成的伤害,接受处罚的原则，却遭到了谴责，人们认为它是,复仇或仇杀原则原始古老的反映。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

In contrast to that, we've got the physicalist view, according to which there are just bodies.

与之相对的,是物理主义的观点,认为人只有肉体

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

I suppose the first apparently historical event that we know something about is the first Olympic Games, which according to Greek tradition were held in 776 B.C.

我认为第一个已知的重大历史事件,就是第一次奥林匹克运动会,根据希腊人的口头传述,那是发生在公元前七百七十六年

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

I just like it or I just don't like it according to principles that can be understood as arising from the faculty of judgment and not from the faculty of the understanding, which is appetitive, and the faculty of reason, which is moral.

我只是根据原则来判断喜欢还是不喜欢,这也可以被理解为从判断力出发,而不是从本能的理解力，或是道德上的理性出发。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

According to the view that we're taking, which we'll now call the soul view, according to the soul view, it won't be me lecturing to you on Tuesday.

根据我们所持的观点，也就是灵魂的观点，根据灵魂的观点，星期二给你们上课的就不是我。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选