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And so, you have this difference between how we think about ourselves and how we think about other people.
所以差异就存在于,我们对自己的看法,和我们对他人的看法中。
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The fact that we've got free will is something that most of us take for granted about ourselves.
我们拥有自由意志这一事实,被大多数人认为理所应当
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I mean one way to describe this in a non-technical, non-Freudian way is, there are certain things about ourselves we'd rather not know.
用并不专业的非精神分析的话语来表述，就是我们并不想知道某些事情的存在。
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We spend a lot of effort, a lot of time thinking about it for ourselves as well as for others.
我们投入大量努力，大量时间思考自己和他人的快乐。
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Fast forward mid-semester when we talk about cryptography and scrambling information, we need the ability to express ourselves in words, not just numbers, and we have that already.
回想一下期中的时候，我们讨论过密码学,和一些不规则信息,我们需要话语来表达自己，而不是数字，其实我们已经有了。
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When our political opponent is being ironic about our views we understand the irony perfectly well. We're used to it, we have accommodated ourselves to it, and of course it's the same in reverse.
当政敌讽刺我们的观点,我们能够充分的理解这个讽刺，我们已经习惯这点了,是我们使自己习惯这点的，当然，反之亦然。
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You don't need all these different things that There is something about we are moving ourselves, and giving ourselves opportunity that is just literally done at a park.
你不用各种所谓的,我们所做的就是,动起来，给我们自己,与自然接触的机会,而这在公园里就可以做到。
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When we think about the way food is marketed, we have to ask ourselves how were these messages framed, who's being targeted, what the message is, and of course what the impact is.
当我们想到食品营销的方法时,我们得问自己,这些信息是怎么来的,哪些人是它们的目标群体,这些信息是什么,当然还有它的影响是什么
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For example, how cancer diagnosis has improved, what are some of the causes of cancer in the environment around us and how can we protect ourselves from it, and we'll talk about treatments for it as well.
例如癌症的诊断手段是如何进步的,我们周围环境中有哪些致癌因素,以及我们如何保护自己免受其害,我们也会讨论到癌症的治疗手段
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So that right now is going to seem a little bit like a sudden blast of notation, so let's just remind ourselves what we really care about is the idea, it's not the notation, and let's spend the next half hour applying these ideas to an application.
这些看起来就是一些,毫无意义的表达式是嘛,为了更好地学习这些概念,而不是这些表达式呢,接下来的半小时,我们来联系实际
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I want to move now to how we think about self and other, how we think about ourselves relative to how we think about other people.
接着我要讲我们对自我和他人的看法，我们对自我的看想,和我们对他人的看法有什么关系。
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This is going to begin a two-lecture sequence on social psychology on how we think about ourselves, how we think about other people, how we think about other groups of people.
接下来两节课,讲社会心理学，讲我们对自我的看法，对他人的看法，对其他群体的看法。
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We have to ask ourselves, "Which of these does a better job of explaining the facts about disease?"
我们需要问问自己,这两者哪一个能更好地,解释关于疾病的一系列现象
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And that we have to ask ourselves,Well, what should the personality theory say about a case like that?
这时我们必须问自己，对这样的案例，人格理论该怎么解释呢？
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So let's ask ourselves, are there any interaction effects when we talk about the human condition ? that it's life followed by death?"
所以让我们问问自己，当我们讨论,生后即是死的人类处境时,有没有相互影响“
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Note that it is not about helping ourselves and others become happy.
注意这不是关于帮助我们自己和他人变得幸福。
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Skinner, in his book Verbal Behavior, talks about the question of why do we do things like talk to ourselves, imitate sounds, create art, give bad news to an enemy, fantasize about pleasant situations?
斯金纳在其《言语行为》一书中，描述了我们展现各种行为的原因,如自言自语，声音模仿，创造艺术，向敌人散布坏消息，幻想美好情景等等？
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Then we're going to talk about the self and other; basically, differences between how we think of ourselves and how we think about other people.
然后我们会讲自我与他人;,基本上就是我们对自身的看法,和我们对他人的看法之间的差异。
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It's about studying ourselves.
是关于研究我们自己。
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He takes it for granted that he is the most rational and systematic of all thinkers and raises questions about since we all take ourselves to be rational too raises questions about just how we know ourselves not to be paranoid delusives like Don Quixote.
他理所当然地认为,自己是所有思想者中最理性，最有条理的,他提出,既然我们也认为自己很理性,我们如何证明自己,不像堂吉诃德一样处于妄想之中呢？
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All right. Last time we started asking ourselves about what are some of the other aspects of death that might contribute to its badness, or at least other features of death that are worth thinking about.
好了，上一次我们开始自问这样一个问题,死亡还有什么其他的方面,可能导致其坏处的原因，或者至少是其他值得思考的死亡的特征。
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Again, we have to ask ourselves, we have to start thinking of the question about what does this mean for doing something about changing the world's diet, changing the nation's diet, changing the world's diet?
让我们来问问自己,考虑一下这个问题,改变一个国家的饮食文化,改变这个世界的饮食,这意味着什么
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That's why it will be worth taking some time to ask ourselves what about Plato's objections then.
这就是为什么值得,花时间研究柏拉图提出的反对观点。
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All right, so, what we need to ask ourselves, then, is, "What about the soul?"
那好,现在我们要问问自己,灵魂是什么
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So if we start actually pushing ourselves to think about examples-- does it really take one to know one--the answer is, at least as a general claim, it's not true.
所以假如我们开始,深入探讨一些例子,到底需不需要同类才能互知 答案是,至少通常来说,这是不需要的
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They don't make us feel so good about ourselves. Right?
让我们自惭形秽，对吧？
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And so, we started off by talking about certain fundamental biases in how we see ourselves.
昨天我们先开始讲了,我们对自我的看法的几个基本偏向。
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Most of us, when we think about this, find ourselves wanting to say, no, we wouldn't want to have a life on the experience machine.
想到这个问题时，我们中大多数人，都会想说，不，我不想在体验机里生活。
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So we talked about changing ourselves, how it's possible the "growing-tip" statistics which is the second significant idea within research in positive psychology: " first significant idea is "let's study what works" " the second significant idea is "let's study what works best".
我们讨论过改变自己，为什么成长尖端统计学,会是积极心理学研究中的,第二个重要理念：,第一个重要理念是“研究可行的事“,第二个重要理念是“研究最优秀的个体。
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