-
It can do this between sunrise and noon on a clear day with an average outside temperature of thirty-two degrees Celsius.
VOA: special.2009.04.20
-
That means that this temperature right here is the absolute lowest temperature you can go to that physically makes any sense.
是物理上不可能的状态,也就是说这一点,对应的温度是物理上。
-
So, you need some reference points to be able to tell you, OK, this temperature is 550 degrees Smith, whatever.
你需要定要一些参考点,它们告诉你，“这个温度是550史密斯氏度“之类。
-
This means that the highest temperature should not be reached too fast.
VOA: special.2009.09.14
-
They would bomb it, they would burn it, they would put it in this container inside water, and see how high the water temperature raises and that would give you a sense of the number of calories that it has.
研究人员会燃烧它,放入浸在水里的量热器,然后观察水温上升了多少,我们就对这种食物热量有所了解了
-
When you go from here to going outside, to going to a much hotter room, your temperature stays the same and your body is able to control this on your own, you don't have to think about it.
当你从这里走出去,去一个更热的房间的时候,你的体温不会变化,你的身体能自行控制体温,你无需要刻意想它
-
So, this temperature, this absolute zero here, which is absolute zero on the Kelvin scale.
在负无穷处，现在把绝对零度定义为，开尔文温标中的0度。
-
And if you're below this temperature here, this quantity, p times v it would be negative.
压强与体积的乘积将变成负数，这可能吗？
-
So this unique temperature and unique pressure defines a triple point everywhere, and that's a great reference point.
这样，无论在何处,三相点都具有相同的温度和压强,十分适合来作参考点。
-
so I'm heating up the system in this path here, and then to connect the 2 endpoints here, a constant temperature path.
需要再用，一个等温过程，这两个状态。
-
H for an ideal gas is only a function of temperature. This is not true for a real gas fortunately, but it's true for an ideal gas.
不正确的,但是幸运的是,对于理想气体是完全正确的。
-
And this volume, temperature and pressure doesn't care how you got there. It is what it is.
另一个状态,也有一组确定的体积。
-
This is very different from the functions of state like pressure and temperature.
联系初末两态的整个过程,这与压强。
-
Constant temperature means isothermal, so this part means an isothermal process.
等温“指温度不变，这部分就是指一个等温过程。
-
Delta H of formation means the enthalpy of this compound minus the enthalpy of its constituent elements in their most stable state at room temperature and pressure.
生成焓就是这种组分,的焓减去它的所有组成元素,在室温和常压下处于,其最稳定的状态时的焓。
-
The only valuable now on this side is temperature.
压强和容积都无关紧要了。
-
p This is going to get us dH/dp constant temperature. What is this experiment?
这帮助我们理解恒温条件下的偏H偏,那么这个实验具体是什么呢？
-
This is going to end up at a different temperature by the way. You saw this last time in a slightly different way. Last time what you saw is we compared isothermal and adiabatic paths that ended up at the same final pressure, and what you saw is that therefore they ended up in different final volumes.
末态温度是不一样的,上次你们看到的,和这个有一点不一样,上次我们比较的是末态压强,相等的等温过程和绝热过程,因此它们的末态,体积是不一样的。
-
And you already saw last time there was this relationship between the temperature and volume changes along an adiabatic path.
是条绝热路径，而上次你已经看到,沿着绝热路径温度和体积,的变化有这个关系。
-
In principle, this value, this efficiency, can approach 1 as the low temperature approaches absolute zero.
这个值，效率，当低温热源的温度1,是据对零度时可以达到一。
-
There's a volume, there's a temperature, than the pressure here. There's other volume, temperature and pressure here, corresponding to this system here.
温度等状态函数有本质区别，这个状态有一组，确定的体积，温度与压强。
-
And I didn't specify the conditions, but if we were to do this under ordinary chemical conditions of some, you'd say room temperature and pressure, right, they all happen spontaneously.
我并没有特别说明反应条件，但是如果我们在通常的化学条件下,实现这些化学反应，比如在室温和大气压下下，他们都是自发的。
-
So this is going to end up at T2 a different temperature, we'll call it T2.
这个的末态有不同的温度,我们叫它。
-
Joule actually did this experiment, and he observed that for the gas expansions that he could do, that the temperature did not increase measurably.
事实上焦耳的确做了这个实验，他做到了,他能达到的最好实验要求，发现在可测量范围内没有观察到温度上升。
-
SdT This has minus T dS minus S dT, but the dT part is zero because we're at constant temperature.
这一项包含负的Tds和，但是dT的部分等于零,因为温度为常数。
-
And so for many, many problems, especially on exams, especially on this first exam, you will be able to say that this is the relationship between internal energy and temperature.
对于很多问题，特别是考试中的问题，你们要能够说出来,这是内能与温度的关系。
-
In this case it relates the volume to the pressure and the temperature.
现在假想我们需要用,理想气体定律来设计一台机器。
-
The heat-added, temperature, and this is a proportionality constant.
这是热，这是温度，这是比例常数。
-
But now, so this is where the refrigeration comes in. So if you take a gas, and you're below the inversion temperature and you make it go through this irreversible process, the gas comes out colder from that side than that side.
这就是冰箱的原理,如果在低于转变温度,的情况下我们将气体经过,这个不可逆过程,气体出来的温度将比这边低。
-
dG/dp And this is dG/dp at constant temperature.
这是恒定温度下的。
应用推荐