Iran says its nuclear program is for peaceful purposes, but Steinitz says Israel has proof that the Islamic Republic is building the atom bomb.

VOA: standard.2009.12.28

If the atom is fixed mass, the electron is tiny, It must be the positives have all the mass.

如果是原子质量一定，电子很小，带正电荷的部分几乎占据了全部质量。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So we can actually pop an electron or eject an electron from any single orbital that is occupied within the atom.

任何一个被占据轨道,打出一个电子,或者说发射出一个电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Iran says its nuclear program is for peaceful purposes, but the United States and Israel believe the Islamic Republic is trying to acquire the atom bomb.

VOA: standard.2009.07.26

We are going to now go into the atom and try to understand the scientific basis for this observed behavior.

我们现在要讲讲原子,并试着去理解这个观察行为,的科学原理。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

The researchers found the presence of carbon thirteen, a version of the carbon atom that is usually found in space.

VOA: special.2009.09.30

So, what we can do is try using the classical description of the atom and see where this takes us.

用经典力学描述原子看看怎么样,我们要考虑的是一个,带正电的粒子和。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Maximum,meaning the most. And ion,which is an atom or group of atoms with an electrical charge.

VOA: special.2010.05.30

We ended the day with Bohr's model of the atom, which derived from the conceptualization of Rutherford.

那天课的结尾我们讲了从卢瑟福的概念中，衍生出来的波尔的原子模型。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

Hydroxyl is the combination of one hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom.

VOA: special.2009.09.30

So a plus two ion means that we're removing two electrons from the atom and the electrons that we're going to remove are always going to be the highest energy electrons.

一个2价正离子,我们要移除的两个电子,我们要移除的两个电子,将会是,最高能量的电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

If dark matter particles exist, scientists say, they should be able to observe a small amount of light given off when they hit the nucleus of a xenon atom.

VOA: special.2009.07.21

Further, the nucleus is assumed to be the seat of the essential part of the mass of the atom, and to have linear dimensions exceedingly small compared with the linear dimensions of the whole atom."

进一步的，核被认为是,原子主要质量所在的地方，和整个原子线性尺度相比,核具有很好的线性尺度“

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

More powerful particle accelerators atom smashers, they used to call them have allowed physicists to learn ever more about the sub-atomic particles that are the basic building blocks of all matter.

VOA: standard.2010.03.05

I mean they take up a teeny bit but essentially when we're thinking about the set up of the atom, we don't have to account for them as using up a lot of the mass we're discussing.

所以我们可以假设电子没有质量,它们占据了，非常小的一部分,所以当我们考虑,原子的构造的时候,不用考虑它们的质量。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Not only are we taking away an electron here, but we're also going to decrease shielding, so the electrons that are already in there are going to feel a higher z effective and will be pulling and the atom will be getting smaller.

这不只是因为我们拿走了一个电子，还因为我们这样做会减小屏蔽效应，这样留下的电子,将会感受到更大的有效核电量,也就会感受到更强的吸引力，使得原子变得更小。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

What we've learned so far is as a first approximation, what we want to do is put the atom with the lowest ionization energy in the middle here.

我们之前所学的可以作为第一近似，我们要做的是把电离能,最低的原子放在中间。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

OK, this is the Bohr model, Bohr model of the atom is planetary or nuclear.

好的，这就是波尔模型，波尔的原子模型是行星模型或者核心模型。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

In terms of picking a Lewis structure that's going to be the lowest energy, what you want to do is put the atom with the lowest ionization energy in the center of your atom.

为了挑选一个具有,最低能量的路易斯结构，你需要把电离能最低的原子,放在最当中的位置。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, we see that the two h atoms separate have a certain energy that's lower than when the electron's not with the atom.

那么，我们看到两个分开的氢原子所具有的能量,比原子中没有电子时更低。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

We talked about that quite in depth, but there are some differences now that we have more than one electron in the atom.

但是这里有一些不同的是，现在我们考虑的原子中,有多于一个,的电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

The first thing we need to do is write the electron configuration for the atom itself, and then we need to take an electron away.

首先我们要做的是,写出原子的电子排布，然后，我们再拿走一个电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, essentially you've got a positive ball which is identical to the size of the atom.

首先你要有一个和原子差不多大小的,带正电荷的球。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

And, as I mentioned, we left off and as we started back here to describe the atom and how the atom holds together the nucleus and the electron using classical mechanics.

我之前提及过，我们上次,讲到应用经典力学如何描述,一个原子以及原子如何把质子,和电子束缚在一起，今天我们要。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, the question then is what is the spatial distribution of charge inside the atom?

因此，接下来的问题是,原子内部的电荷,在空间如何分布？

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So all that Bohr, for example, had to go on at this point was a more classical picture of the atom, as you can see on the left side of the screen there, which is the idea that the electrons orbiting the nucleus.

原子的经典图像，你们可以,看到屏幕左边，这是电子，绕着核子旋转，的概念,他已经知道。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

I mean, the atom has a tiny mass, too, but what we are saying is compared to the totaled atomic mass, the mass of the electron is tiny.

我的意思是，原子的质量也很小，但是我们说的是,和整个原子质量相比，电子的质量是很小的。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

You start with liquid metal one, liquid metal two, you have the atom ratios proper, they mix, electron transfer occurs and poof, it is clear and colorless. Sorcery.

从液态金属一，液态金属二开始，你有合适的原子比例，混合它们，电子转移发生且被证实了，产物是透明无色的，有点辣味。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

That is to say it is confined to the atom.

也就是说电子会被束缚在原子内。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

Well, for this, we have to look inside the atom.

我们来看看内部的原子。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选