We're going to talk about how they're prepared, but it's a preparation that is intended to stimulate your immune system.
我们会讲它们是如何做准备的,它通过刺激你的免疫系统来进行准备
We're going to take these general topics and talk about how they work in the nervous system and the immune system next time.
在下节课我会讲这些内容以及,配体-受体系统在神经系统和,免疫系统中的作用原理
What would happen is these people who were enslaved from different cultures would develop a makeshift communication system so they could talk to one another.
这些来自不同文化的被奴役的个体,会创造出一种临时的交流系统,以便他们之间能够互相交流
Under-nutrition--now I'm going -this slide has a lot of information on it and I'm going to come back to it in the class where we talk about hunger, but I show it today because of course undernutrition can affect every single system of the body and can have devastating consequences on people's health.
营养不良,这张幻灯片上有很多关于营养不良的信息,以后讲到饥饿的时候,我会再回头来讲这张幻灯片,我今天让大家看是想告诉大家,营养不良一定会影响身体的每一个系统,并对人们的健康造成巨大的破坏
du We can talk about du for the system well, w that's q plus w.
我们可以讨论它的,等于q加。
And if you've ever heard the word driver software that you install in your computer so that your computer, your operating system, Windows or Mac OS, knows how to talk to that piece of hardware, it's that driver software that then empowers the operating systems to send those commands as well, up, the data is laid out on the disk.
并且如果你听说过安装到,电脑中的驱动软件这个词的话,你的操作系统,比如Windows或者是苹果操作系统,通过这个驱动软件我们的电脑,才能知道如何与这个硬件进行通信,正是因为这个驱动软件,操作系统才能根据数据,左右移动的指令来读取磁盘里的数据。
But talk about sort of engineering the immune system, how to produce immunity in individuals.
讨论免疫系统的构成,以及个体是如何产生免疫力的
I want to talk about the immune system for the rest of the time here.
剩下的时间 我想谈一下免疫系统
You could use language to describe music, talk about the--a musical language or art, or any communicative system, and there's actually nothing wrong with that.
也可用来描述音乐,即音乐语言,或是去描述艺术,或任何的交流系统,都是没问题的
This will lead us into a discussion of sort of bioengineering of the immune system, in particular, and we're going to talk next week about vaccines.
我们会借此展开对,免疫系统的生物医学工程化的讨论,下周我们将讲到疫苗
We'll come back to this in our example in the cardiovascular system when we're talking about the heart and we'll talk about how to measure the collective group of action potentials using EKG's.
这个我们回头再谈,等到我们在心血管系统的例子中,说到心脏时再说,我们会谈到如何通过,心电图测量群体动作电位
So we're going to talk about thinking about the body as a system, as a system that can be understood the same way a motor could be understood or a computer that could be understood.
我们会讲到如何将身体看作系统进行研究,这个系统能够以研究,引擎或计算机的方法进行研究
The circulatory system which we'll talk about in a couple of weeks, the heart, the blood vessels, and the blood work together to form a totally internal function.
例如过几周我们要讲的循环系统,心脏,血管,血液,三者协同工作,形成一个完全在体内发挥作用的体系
We're going to talk about this kind of non-covalent interaction more when we talk about the immune system, because one example of ligand and receptors that's important in the immune system are antigens - foreign molecules, and antibodies - molecules that we produce.
当我们讲到免疫系统的时候,会更详细地谈到这种非共价化合反应,因为在免疫系统中,一个重要的配体受体结合反应,就是抗原,即外源分子,与抗体,这个人体自身产生的分子结合
We're going to talk about those in more detail in a couple of weeks when we talk about the immune system because these are the cells that perform and regulate the functions of our immune system that protect us from disease.
在后几周的有关免疫的课程上,我们会详细说明的,因为我们免疫系统的功能,要依靠这些细胞去完成和调节,它们使我们免受疾病侵害
I'm going to talk about - take sort of the general concepts that we talked about last time and talk about how they apply in two physiological systems, the nervous system first and then the immune system.
我将要谈到几个基本的概念,我上节课已经讲过一些了,再讲讲这些概念在两个生理系统中的应用,首先是神经系统然后是免疫系统
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