He says a lot of it can be avoided just by choosing the right plant for the right space.

VOA: special.2009.10.06

All right. How do we go about choosing these parameters?

好了，我们怎样选择这些参数呢？

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

Right, so you should all have been choosing in this game, you all should have chosen Alpha.

对,在这次博弈中,你们应该都选α

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Another point about this sort of ambivalence about being czar is that he often made a point of choosing his most trusted advisors from the ranks of commoners and gave them the right to become titled after a certain amount of time after a certain amount of time in the royal bureaucracy.

他作为沙皇矛盾的另一点是,他最信任的顾问,常常是从普通民众中选出来的,而且经过一段时间后,他会在皇家官僚机构中给他们一个头衔

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

I might not be sure whether the opponent, whether my opponent, is choosing Left or Right.

我可能不太确定,我的对手会选择左还是右

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So what's my expected payoff from choosing Up where I believe the other person's going to choose Left and Right, equally likely? It's what?

那么在我对手选择左或右,可能性相同的情况下,我的预期收益会是什么样的呢

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

But you'll see that very clearly that Steven's right: that choosing 2 will always get me 5% more of the votes than choosing 1 from here on down.

你会发现斯蒂文说的很对,从这里开始,选立场2总会比,选立场1多获得5%选票

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So if the other person's choosing Right with probability 0, that's the same as saying they're going to choose Left, and if I chose Middle against Left, I get what?

如果对手选右的概率是0,也就是说对手选左,此时我选中的收益是什么

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

All right, so here once again is our same matrix with me and my pair, choosing actions Alpha and Beta, but this time I'm going to put numbers in here.

我们首先讨论我和我对手,选择α或β的矩阵,不过这次我们用数字来表述

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

of them choosing right I get 2.5 from choosing Middle.

我选择中收益为2.5

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

All right, so this gentleman is saying... There's no dominant strategy so - Right, so this gentleman's saying, a good reason for choosing Alpha in this game is it's less risky.

很好,他说,这里没有优势策略 所以,没错,他说,选α是因为这样做风险更小

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

What I want to do is I want to draw a picture here, in which on the horizontal axis, I'm going to put the probability of the other guy choosing Right.

我要在这里画一张图,坐标系的横轴,表示对手选右的概率

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Probability is 0 of their choosing Right is the same as saying they choose Left, so that my payoff from Up against that is given by the top box up there, I get 5.

如果对手选右的概率是0,其实就是说他们会选左,因此此情况下我选上的收益,从上面的矩阵看,我的收益是5

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So that's here, and if I knew they were choosing Right for sure, that's the probability of 1 that they're choosing Right, and if I choose Middle I get 4, that's here.

对应的是这个点,如果说对手肯定选右,即他们选右的概率是1,此时我选中的收益是4,就是这个点

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

And Player II is choosing Left or Right, and the payoffs are as follows.

参与人II有左右两个策略,收益是这样的

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

It's more likely than Y the probability that they're going to choose right is more than Y, then the highest line of these three is this one, which corresponds to my choosing Middle.

即比Y大,也就说对手选右的概率大于Y,那么这三条线中最高的是这条线,这条线表示我选中的收益

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So here's the straight line, and this line is the expected payoff to Player I from choosing Down as it depends on the probability that the other person chooses Right, and then once again, we can write down the equation.

这就是第三条直线了,它表示参与人I选择下获得的收益,是另一个参与人,选右概率的一个函数,对于这一条直线,我们依然能够给出方程式

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

This is the payoff to Player I of choosing Middle against Right, and the line in between, this line here, is the expected payoff to Player I of choosing Middle as a function of the probability that other people choose Right.

这条表示对手选右时参与人选中的收益,两个端点中间的线段部分,表示参与人I选右的预期收益,它是对手选右概率的一个方程

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选