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That can happen but that's abnormal, but changes in maybe the chemistry of the backbone that holds the nucleotides together.
这可能发生的,但属于非正常的变化,而是改变诸如维持核苷酸序列的,主链的化学结构
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What's hanging off of the side of this long molecule that's formed by polymerizing nucleotides are - is this base unit.
在这条由多聚核苷酸,构成的长链分子,一侧悬挂着碱基单位
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So you know everywhere on this picture you could write down exactly what the sequence of nucleotides are that make up this vector.
所以你能准确的知晓,组成图上这个载体的任何一处的核酸序列
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You know that these molecules are also linked in another way, by the phosphate bonds that connect the 3 and the 5 carbons of adjacent nucleotides.
这些分子还通过别的方式连接在一起,例如通过相邻核苷酸的3碳位和,5碳位之间的磷酸键相连
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The digestive system, of course, is responsible for bringing in sort of fresh nutrients, fresh substrates for cellular metabolism, fresh quantities of amino acids, and nucleotides, and the things that we can't generate internally.
当然,还有消化系统,它主要负责将各种新鲜营养物摄入体内,为细胞代谢提供新的底物,如一批新的氨基酸,核苷酸,以及那些人体无法自行合成的东西
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The reason that 3' is important is that when you polymerize two nucleotides together and a third nucleotide, and a fourth nucleotide, when you polymerize nucleotides together they get polymerized, the phosphate of one gets linked to the 3' carbon of another.
'碳部位重要是因为,当你把两个核苷酸聚合在一起,然后再聚合第三个,第四个的时候,核苷酸在聚合时,磷酸基与另外一个戊糖的3'碳部位连接
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You take advantage of that, you put it in a test tube, together with nucleotides and primers and your DNA.
利用这一点,把它和核苷酸,引物及DNA一起放进试管
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When these nucleotides get polymerized to form a long DNA molecule they all get polymerized in exactly the same way, the chemistry is the same.
当这些核苷酸多聚化,形成一条长链DNA分子时,它们的聚合方式和,化学结构都完全相同
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Now, in your book, there's an example of plasmid where I've given you the exact sequence of nucleotides that makes up the whole double stranded DNA molecule.
现在在你们书里,有个质粒样本,我将组成这个双链DNA分子的,核苷酸序列写在这里了
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You do that together with primers and with nucleotides, because if you're going to synthesize DNA you need the raw material of DNA, you need the individual nucleotides.
同时把引物和核苷酸放进去,因为合成DNA需要原料,你需要单个的核苷酸
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Nucleic acids, of which DNA is an example, are polymers of nucleotides.
核酸以及其中的DNA分子就是个例证,核酸就是核苷酸聚合物
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Some of them are changes in the - not the sequence of DNA, not the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA but the chemistry of DNA around that the way that it's packed into a nucleus.
某些改变不是发生在DNA序列上,不是在DNA的核苷酸序列上,而是发生在DNA包装进细胞核的,一系列化学变化中
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It operates in a similar fashion to DNA polymerase in that it denatures locally or opens up the double stranded DNA, but it's different in that it creates a new polymer from the DNA template in the language of RNA, using RNA nucleotides and not DNA nucleotides.
它的作用机制类似于DNA聚合酶,在局部使DNA双链变性,解旋,但不同的是,它合成了一个基于DNA模板的,使用RNA编码语言的新聚合物,即使用核糖核苷而非脱氧核糖核苷
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