These are sections of a chromosome in which two or three nucleotides are repeated over and over again.
The second strand of nucleotides is the complement of the sense strand, but reads completely differently, hence the name antisense.
The BRCA molecules in question contain less than 100, 000 nucleotides, compared with 80 million or more nucleotides on a single chromosome.
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The end result is a brain that is much, much more than simply the sum of the nucleotides that encode a few thousand proteins.
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The locations of these repeating sections are predictable, but the number of times a group of nucleotides is repeated varies from chromosome to chromosome.
He tested the compound against 80 different RNAsites until he found its perfect match: a 20-unit strip of nucleotides adjacent to the RNA coding region for PKC-alpha.
The re-arrangement or sequence of the nucleotides on the DNA ladder may result in a mutation that leads to an inherited disease, which only affects maybe 2% of the human population.
Most important, they can't read the 3 billion letters--A, C, T and G, for the nucleotides adenine, cytosine, thymine and guanine--in the human genome from beginning to end, the way one reads a book.
The terms sense and antisense were coined by Paul Zamecnik to show the complementary, double-strand nature of DNA. One strand consisted of alternating patterns of the four nucleotides that make up DNA adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine and it could be read in order.
Crooke's first task, an arduous one, was to find out how big the drug should be to best target RNA. RNA strands stretch thousands of nucleotides long, and there may be only one offender out of 100, 000 different strands floating in a cell at any given time.
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