Calcium is needed for nerve and muscle cells to work normally.

VOA: special.2009.04.21

What if you injected the gene for insulin into their muscle so that their muscle cells in one particular location started making insulin?

如果你把胰岛素基因注入到患者的肌肉中,使某个部位的肌肉,可以分泌胰岛素

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The same way cells that form the limb become more like muscle cells or skin cells, or the structures that become the limb.

同样的,形成上肢的细胞,变得越来越像肌肉或皮肤细胞,或者上肢的其他结构

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If we injected it into a muscle let's say, and your muscle cells took up this plasmid.

比如说,如果我们将其注射入肌肉内,则肌肉细胞就可以吸收这些质粒

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Then, your muscle cells would start producing Hepatitis B surface antigen and your immune system recognizing that's a foreign protein would start responding to it.

于是,肌肉细胞将会,开始制造乙肝表面抗原,然后免疫系统就会识别出,那是外来蛋白质并且产生免疫应答

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Well, why does it increase uptake of glucose into muscle cells?

那么,肌细胞为什么要增加糖的摄取

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When it does it makes biochemical changes inside the cells and one of the things it does is increase glucose uptake into certain kinds of cells, particularly fat cells and muscle cells.

这导致细胞内部发生生物化学变化,其中的一个变化是,某些细胞开始增加对糖分的摄取,尤其是脂肪细胞和肌细胞

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We're going to come back and talk about the action potential a little bit more when we talk about how the heart works, because the heart when its contracting, the muscle cells also use action potentials to initiate contraction.

我们讲心脏工作原理时,会回头再多讨论一点动作电位,因为心脏收缩时,肌肉细胞也利用动作电位来启动收缩

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The cells that take an electrical signal, which is coming down your nerve and convert it into a muscle contraction work this way, so 'neuro' nerve, muscle junctions act based on ligand-gated ion channels.

依靠相同的工作原理,细胞将来自于神经的,电信号传递到细胞收缩肌中,所以神经和肌肉关节运动,都基于配体门控离子通道

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