The manuscripts we find from this period are full of marginal notes where the scholars are chiding each other and saying, "No, no, no. It can't be that way."

我们找到了有大量旁注的手稿,学者们相互争论，互不服气“

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

And one of the ways we think this--one of the reasons we think this is because in some of the old manuscripts of Ephesians, "To the Ephesians" is not there.

我们之所以这样认为的原因之一,就是以弗所书的一些旧稿里，“致以弗所教会“这样的说法并不存在。

耶鲁公开课 - 新约课程节选

sure there are differences. We see that our manuscripts are not exactly like those fragments, but there is a remarkable degree, a high degree of correspondence so that we really can speak of a relatively stable textual tradition but still some fluidity.

当然其中会有差异，我们手中的这些原稿,一定和那些片段有细微差异，但在很大的程度上,我们能说是和那文本传统大致相符的,但还是存在一些差异。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

But you can look at manuscripts of the early eleventh century and see people singing Ps and Ls and Os and Ms and things like that.

但是大家可以看看,十一世纪初的手稿,可以看到那时有人在唱P,以及L,O和M之类的

耶鲁公开课 - 聆听音乐课程节选

We don't, of course, have any original copies of these materials as they came off the pen of whoever it was who was writing them, and in fact before the middle of the twentieth century, our oldest manuscripts and fragments of manuscripts of the Bible dated to the year 900.

我们当然没有任何最早时期那些笔者的,手稿，而且事实上,在20世纪中期之前我们有的最古老的手稿,和手稿碎片都是公元900年时候的。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选