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And, if you take all of these ideas, omnidirectional and unsaturated, it means that ions can keep glomming on.
如果你注意所有的想法，无方向性和不饱和性，意味着离子能够保持攫取状态。
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In an aqueous solution, he passes electric current and causes silver ions to deposit and form metallic silver.
在水溶液中，他接通电流，这得银离子,沉淀，并形成金属银。
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So the last thing I want to mention today is how we can think about electron configurations for ions.
今天我想提到的最后一件事,就是我们怎样考虑离子的,电子构型。
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Because there are ions moving back and forth, there's a current that flows and there's a electrical potential that's generated.
由于离子的进进出出,就产生了电流流动,并且形成了电势差
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And whenever it pulls on it and moves it to the right side you can actually see the flash of the ions entering the cell.
将它移到右边,你就能真切地看到,离子进入细胞的那一瞬间。
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I can take you and immediately start designing batteries, because we need ions in motion, we need small ions in motion.
我可以从此让你快速起步设计电池，因为我们需要能运动的离子，我们需要能运动的小型离子。
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But, can you see that as you get really close together the negative electronic cloud surrounding the two ions start to sense one another.
然后当你真的让它们,离得很近时,这两个离子周围的负电子云能感应到对方。
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And then, if we have time at the end, we'll introduce one last topic, which is isoelectronic atoms and ions.
最后，如果有时间的话，我们将再介绍最后一个主题：,等电子原子与离子。
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These gas ions, if you take gas ions, these gas ions, if you take gas ions, gas ions of opposite charge will necessarily agglomerate without limit.
这些气态离子，如果你得到气态离子的话，如果你得到这些气态离子，具有相反电荷的气态离子,将必然会无限地聚集。
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This says that when it comes to ions line-dancing trumps ballroom dancing.
这种说法表明,离子是一列一列运动,而不是向舞厅那样一起运动。
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The ones that are most important in physiology are ones that only allow ions to go through: sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, bicarbonate.
在生理学上这种,只能允许某种离子通过的通道十分重要,这些离子包括钠离子,钾离子,氯离子,钙离子和碳酸氢根离子
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- The answer to that is definitely no -- if they had the same electron configuration, they would, in fact be neon. But we can think about different ions that have this electron configuration.
答案是绝对没有-,如果它们具有相同的电子排布，那么它们，实际上,将都是氖，但是我们可以想一想,有没有其它离子具有这种电子排布呢？
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Or you can talk about the gate being open, and in this case, you can see that you will have an influx of ions.
或者你可以说闸门是打开的，就像这种情况，可以看到有离子通过它流入细胞。
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In addition, the kidney controls the composition of your body of many important ions, sodium bicarbonate which is important in pH balance, potassium.
此外肾脏还能控制,体内很多重要离子的浓度,例如碳酸氢钠,它对于酸碱平衡十分重要,还有钾离子
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It turns out that it's going to be a little bit different when we're talking about positive ions here.
结果是当我们讨论阳离子时,有一些不同。
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However, when that gate is opened, the sodium channel is now going to be incredibly selective and only let through sodium ions and no other type of ion.
但是，当闸门打开的时候，钠离子通道,将会有极高的选择性,不允许除钠离子以外的任何其它离子通过。
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So we haven't gotten to molecules yet, we're just talking about single atoms or single ions, but what's nice is just talking about this very straightforward principle of atomic radius.
我们还没有开始讲分子，我们仍然只是在讨论单个原子或离子，但它的好处在于可以讨论,这个关于原子半径的非常简单直接的原理。
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Does anyone have that in their brain somewhere for ready use? I don't, in fact, so it's actually okay if you don't know all your common ions, if you missed that part.
你们有谁有印象它们有什么用吗？,我当时是不知道，所以如果你们不记得,这部分也没有关系。
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We can already use that in terms of single ions to think about a really complex biological issue, which is to talk about ion channels.
我们已经能够仅仅凭借这个关于单个离子的原理,来讨论一个非常复杂的生物问题了，我们要讨论的就是离子通道。
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The positive ions are electron deficient, and these are known as cations.
正离子是缺少电子的，这些就是正离子。
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The negative ions, these are electron-rich.
二负离子，它们有富裕的电子。
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So, again, it is based on size, it's a little bit less intuitive than the idea of just straining out all of the potassium ions.
因此，这还是以尺寸为基础的，只是有点不够直观,与钾离子挤不进去的图像相比。
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So the influx of ions from the outside of the cell to the inside of And you can think of ion channels as being gated, by gated it means the gate can be closed and no ions are going through, as in this case here.
下面以离子从细胞外部流入内部,你可以把离子通道想象成是有闸门的，也就是说闸门可以关上,这时没有离子能通过，就像这种情况。
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So, it's a little bit of a trick when you're dealing with ions.
因此，这是一个处理离子问题时的小技巧。
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And what they do is they regulate the influx of ions across that cell.
它们的作用,是调节离子流入细胞的流量。
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For example, the positive ions, these are electron deficient.
例如，正离子，是缺少电子的。
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But we'll go over that, particularly some exceptions, when we're filling in electron configurations, and how we would go about doing that for positive ions, which follow a little bit of a different procedure.
但是我们将会重温它们，特别是一个特例，当我们填充一个电子构型，而且我们会如何着手,处理阳离子，它遵从一些别的不同的过程。
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And this is really interesting to think about because you can imagine in our body we have concentrations of all types of ions, and specifically, some seem very, very similar to each other.
这是非常令人感兴趣的,因为大家可以想象一下，在我们的体内我们有,一定浓度的任何类型的离子，而且特别地，其中有一些非常非常地相似。
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But look at the lattice energy, the Madelung energy component is huge which tells you that when ions form they really want to continue to glom onto one another and form that giant crystal.
看看晶格能，马德龙能很大,这告诉我们，当形成离子是,它们如果要继续的话,需要从另外一方夺取电子，形成巨大的晶体。
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- And we can think about why -- essentially we have fluorine and now we're adding another electron. So you can picture that fluorine is going to get larger in this case And that would be true for all of the negatively charged ions.
我们可以想一想这是为什么-,本质上来讲我们现在给氟原子加上了,另外一个电子,因此大家可以想象在这种情况下氟将变大,而且这对于其它负离子也是成立的。
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