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But in rheumatoid arthritis, that protein is missing in some immune cells.
VOA: special.2010.03.16
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Immune cells recognize it, and they recognize it by a very special form of receptor-ligand interaction where the ligand is MHC1 with the foreign antigen and the receptor is a receptor called the T-cell receptor complex.
免疫细胞识别出染病细胞,通过一种特殊形式的,受体配体协作机制识别出来,其中的配体是同,外源抗原共同出现的MHC1,而这其中受体是T细胞受体复合体
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That's a big problem and so can you protect these cells that you give to the recipient from attack by the recipient's immune system?
并且至关重要,那么你们想办法保护这些植入受体的细胞,使它们免受免疫系统的排异反应么
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And how the cells shutdown is they actually die Harris Perlman says a protein in healthy immune cells causes them to die after they attack an invading virus or bacteria.
VOA: special.2010.03.16
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Other cells in the immune system recognizing that this is a foreign molecule, but is being presented in the context of a 'self' cell.
免疫系统中的其他一些细胞,识别到它是非己物质,但它已经被识别为己方细胞
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The count measures immune cells that are killed off by the AIDS virus,HIV.
VOA: standard.2010.07.21
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Then, your muscle cells would start producing Hepatitis B surface antigen and your immune system recognizing that's a foreign protein would start responding to it.
于是,肌肉细胞将会,开始制造乙肝表面抗原,然后免疫系统就会识别出,那是外来蛋白质并且产生免疫应答
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The immune system loses its ability to tell the difference between foreign materials and its own cells.
VOA: special.2010.06.15
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The innate immune system composed of neutrophils and macrophages; these are cells that are crawling around your body all the time ready to eat bacteria.
它由嗜中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞构成,这些细胞不断在周身蠕行,准备吞噬细菌
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She says the chimpanzee tissue showed a severe loss of immune system cells.
VOA: special.2009.09.08
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You could imagine that you've got virus that's propagating inside your cells, making more and more virus, your immune system really responds well to that.
你可以想象,病毒在你的体细胞内繁殖,数量越来越多,你的免疫系统对此反应非常之强烈
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Because it infects your cells and reproduces, your immune system responds much more vigorously.
由于它会感染你的细胞并且繁殖,所以你的免疫系统会有很强烈的反应
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So, what that really means, you know, from last week's lecture, is that the vaccine stimulates these particular cells in your immune system to give you immunity.
所以,这就意味着,通过上周的课程,你们知道,疫苗通过刺激免疫系统中的,特定细胞来使人获得免疫力
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It's the way, for example, that foreign molecules or antigens get presented to cells of your immune system in order to start the process of making an immune response, so sometimes a cell/cell interaction.
通过这种方式,外源分子,或者说抗原,进入到免疫系统的细胞中后,就会开启免疫反应过程,有时候就是细胞之间的相互作用
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But in any event, the vaccine is intended to stimulate the immune system to produce an effector response— either antibodies or specific cells— that can combat spread of the microorganism through your body.
但无论如何,疫苗是通过,刺激免疫系统来使身体产生应答,无论是抗体还是特定的细胞,都可以阻止微生物在体内扩散
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But this antigen presenting cell is more likely a professional antigen presenting cell, or a subset of cells of your immune system that are specialized in ingesting foreign particles and displaying their contents to the rest of the immune system.
但这种抗原呈递细胞更加类似于,专职抗原呈递细胞,或者是体内免疫细胞中的一个亚群,专门从事吞噬异己物质,并告知免疫系统的其他细胞的工作
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So, these memory cells are a way that your immune system keeps track of antigens that it's been exposed to for even if maybe the plasma cells that were producing antibody in response to the initial exposure have died and disappeared.
所以,这些记忆细胞,是人体免疫系统记忆抗原的一种方法,即使由浆细胞产生的抗体,在初次免疫应答中全部被消灭,记忆细胞仍然能迅速分化为抗体分泌细胞
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We're going to talk about those in more detail in a couple of weeks when we talk about the immune system because these are the cells that perform and regulate the functions of our immune system that protect us from disease.
在后几周的有关免疫的课程上,我们会详细说明的,因为我们免疫系统的功能,要依靠这些细胞去完成和调节,它们使我们免受疾病侵害
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The other part of the adaptive immune system is the cell mediated immune system and this is an immune where that doesn't involve antibodies but involves cells that are activated in response to a foreign antigen and that utilize cellular means to get rid of it.
获得性免疫系统还包括,细胞免疫,这一免疫反应不包含抗体,但包含可以被激活来应答,并清除外源抗原的免疫细胞
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When these CD8 T-cells see your MHC1 together with an antigen that doesn't belong in you, it creates an immune response.
当CD8 T细胞识别MHC1时,同时识别了不属于你的抗原,由此产生免疫反应
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The humoral immune response involves antibody production and antibodies are made by a subset of cells called B-cells.
体液免疫反应中包括抗体的产生过程,抗体是由一类称为B细胞的细胞亚族产生
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The immune system, some cells of the immune system, in particular this class of T-cells called CD8 cells have receptors which recognize MHC1.
免疫系统,其中一些免疫细胞,特别是T细胞中的,CD8细胞含有可识别MHC1的受体
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So, that's antigen presentation to this population of cells called cytotoxic T-cells, Tc, a subset of the class of T-cells in the immune system.
这些细胞被呈递给另一种细胞,这些细胞被称为细胞毒性T细胞,是免疫系统中T淋巴细胞的亚群中的一种
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For example, HIV enters cells of the immune system by binding to a receptor called CD4.
比如,HIV通过与CD4的受体结合,进入到免疫系统细胞中
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Here's where the intelligence of the immune system comes in, is that these cytotoxic T-cells that are generated only kill cells that have this signal on it.
免疫系统的聪明之处就在此,这些细胞毒T细胞,只能杀死具有特殊标记信号的细胞
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Well, the way that your immune system recognizes it is that all the cells of our body express a molecule on their surface, a membrane protein called the MHC1 complex.
而免疫系统识别的方法是,身体内所有细胞在其表面表达一种分子,一种叫做MHC1复合体的膜蛋白
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Then those antigens get expressed with MHC just like they did in all the other cells inside the host, but particular cells of the innate immune system have a different kind of MHC called MHC2.
这些抗原同MHC共表达,就如同抗原在其他宿主细胞中那样,但先天免疫系统有一类特殊的免疫细胞,具有一种称为MHC2的不同MHC
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If you take an organ from one person and put it in another, if their MHC molecules don't match then the immune system recognizes the immune system of the host recognizes 'this is not the right MHC for me' and the immune tries to destroy those cells.
如果将器官从一个人移植到另一个人,免疫系统识别出MHC分子并不匹配,宿主的免疫系统就会说,这不是我的MHC,免疫系统就会试着摧毁移植器官的细胞
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