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Mom, where's your cell? Okay, don't laugh. I didn't lose my power cord. It ran away.
VOA: standard.other
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If we think about the size of a typical cell - excuse me, now I'm getting confused about nuclei.
它大约是10的,负十四次方米，如果我们考虑。
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But from what I know, generally the more religious groups tend to be opposed to stem cell research,
但是一般来说，就我所知越是反对干细胞研究的人，
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"I've called it an epidemic in America because just about every American, including many teens, own cell phones and they think they can talk and drive and do it safely,and they can't."
VOA: standard.2010.06.24
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For example, if I isolated this one called the myeloid cell, it's capable of forming red blood cells, megakaryocytes and neutrophils.
比如,如果我分离出一个髓系细胞,它就能生成红细胞,巨核细胞和嗜中性粒细胞
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And we called him up on his cell phone and he said, " "Oh. I got on the highway and I drove to work."
我们打他手机，接通后他说，“哦，我上高速了，想着去上班呢“
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Another comparison for a meaningful drug screening essay, I would assume you would need 1 million cells that you could grow easily in a standard cell culture dish.
我们不妨再用一个,便于你理解的药物筛选试验来打个比方，假设正常情况下,一个标准细胞培养皿需要一百万个细胞。
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Well, I think that if the great majority of people try to derive maximum utility out of a service, like using cell phones and the convenience that cell phones provide, that sacrifice is necessary for satisfaction to occur.
我觉得如果绝大多数人想要,从某项服务中获得最大功利，比如使用手机，享受手机所带来的便利，那么为了满足需求，这种牺牲就是必要的。
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So the major controversy behind stem cell research, at least as far as I understand it,
干细胞研究背后的主要争议，就我的理解来说，
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Let's check it out. I've written a little bit of a test script here, so if we test cell sort, and I've written this so that it's going to print out what the list is at the end of each round, OK.
我们来检查检查，我写了一个小测试脚本,我写这个脚本来测试单元排序，它能够打印出每一轮结束后,链表的是什么样子的。
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If your cell phone goes off during an exam, I come up there. I grab your paper, I tear it in half, and I give you a zero.
如果你的手机在考试时响起的话，我会上前，将你的卷子拿过来，撕成两半，给你零分。
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I'm feeling very pumped up at that particular point and my cell phone rings.
从某种程度上我觉得我真的被律动了,然后我的手机响了
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Suppose I ask, "What's it like to be this cell phone?"
假设我问，作为一个手机会像是什么感觉“
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So this means we can code for it in DNA, you don't have to worry how am I going to get into the cell.
这意味着我们可以在DNA中编写它，你不用担心它怎么进到细胞里去。
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I barely know how to use a cell phone let alone a computer, you know,
我勉强会用手机，更不要说电脑了，你知道，
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It means that if I took this cell and isolated and watched it, I'd notice that it had a couple of characteristics.
意思就是如果我取这些细胞,分离并观察,我会发现它有几个特征
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By cell/cell contact, I mean that there's a receptor in one cell that makes some kind of a chemical interaction with a receptor in another cell.
通过细胞之间的接触,我的意思是在一种细胞上的受体,能与另一细胞上的受体发生某种化学反应
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The other pathway that I think is very promising is now to use stem cell generated cells in culture dishes to use them for high throughput drug screening now we can test thousands of different drugs without killing so many animals.
第二个目标的前景相当广阔,我们可以用干细胞,在培养皿中大量繁殖各种细胞,用于大剂量的药物试验,让你无需屠戮动物,就能进行各种药物试验。
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Well, it was not very hard for me to draw this red blood cell here, it's just an oval, and one reason I draw it like an oval, is that that's basically what it looks like if you look at it.
我可以很容易的画出,一个血红细胞,就画个椭圆足矣,因为它看上去就是这个样子的
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I think most of you know something about the sort of architecture and normal structure of a cell and the components within it and the chapter, Chapter 5, has a good description of that for those of you want a refresher.
我想大部分同学都知道一些细胞的,结构组成和构成成分,想回顾一下的同学,可以看下第五章,描述的很详细
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If I could find the unique set of proteins that correspond to those genes I could define chemically what the cell is.
而我又能找到和这些基因对应的,这种独特的蛋白,我就能通过化学手段确认这是哪种细胞
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So inside the cell mostly water, outside the cell mostly water, but I need to separate my water from the water outside.
那么细胞内大多是水,细胞外大多也是水,但我需要将体内的和体外的水隔离开
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All cells are the same and I say that because any cell within you or within me is the same in many respects.
我之所以说所有细胞都是一样的,是因为你我体内的细胞,在很多方面的确一模一样
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For example, what if I activated this cell by encouraging it to produce this particular ligand?
如果促使细胞产生这种特定的配体,以此来激活细胞 会出现什么结果
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What I want you to remember now is that abundant cell proliferation takes place during development.
这节课我希望你能记住,发育过程中伴有大量的细胞增殖过程
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A human cell shown here on the opposite side has these formed organelles that I talked about a minute ago, mitochondria, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus.
另一边展示的是人类细胞,它带有我一分钟前讲过的成形的细胞器,线粒体,高尔基体,内质网,细胞核
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Some terminology, some of which I've already given you: cell body, dendrites, axons.
我已经教给你们一些术语了,比如说细胞体,树突,轴突
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So, it makes a binary decision, either I create an action potential or I don't, but that decision could be based on many inputs, not just on input from one cell.
所以 这里产生一个二选一的决策,就是产生动作电位亦或不产生,不过这个决定可能是,根据很多输入信号做出的,而不是仅凭单个细胞所传来的信号
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They also allow their populations of proteins on the surface of each cell that allow it to interact with its environment, they're receptors and cell adhesion receptors like I talked about last time.
它们同时也使得,这些细胞表面的蛋白质群,使得细胞能够和周围环境进行互动,它们是受体和细胞粘附受体,我上次也说过的
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What I want to do for the rest of the time today is talk about - a little bit about cell physiology but I'm not going to say too much for a couple of reasons.
剩下的时间我想讲一点关于,细胞生理学的内容,但因某些原因我不会讲很多
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