Human rights activists and an attorney with ties to the case, questioned the constitutionality of holding prisoners for up to six weeks without charge or possibility of bail.

VOA: standard.2009.05.25

For the carbon, we start with 4 valence electrons, we have 0 lone pair electrons minus 4, and we end up with a formal charge of 0.

对于碳，我们从四个价电子开始，我们有零个孤对电子，再减去四，最终我们有零个形式电荷。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

For the sulfur, we start off with 6 valence electrons, minus 4 lone pair electrons, minus 2, taking in account our bonding electrons, so we end up with a formal charge of 0.

对于硫，我们从六个价电子开始，减去四个孤对电子，再减去二，算上我们的成键电子，因此最终我们有零个形式电荷。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

If you look up really close, there is the elementary charge e.There is the mass of the electron.

如果你仔细找的话，会找到e表示的元电荷,也能找到电子的质量。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So hopefully next time we do a formal charge question, we'll get everyone back up to speed.

希望我们下一次做关于形式电荷的问题的时候，大家能够做得快一点。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So that means if we add up all of the formal charges within the molecule, what we would expect to see is that they sum up to give a net charge of negative 1.

那么这就意味着如果我们把这个分子中,所有的形式电荷加起来，我们应该会看到它们加起来,之后得到的净电荷量为负一。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So let's charge it up again and see if we can check again.

让我们再次给它充电看看,是否能再次观测到。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So we end up with a formal charge on carbon of negative 1.

因此最终我们得到碳的形式电荷量是负一。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

2 So what we end up saying is that the z effective or the effective charge that that first electron feels is now going to be plus 2.

第一个电子感觉到的有效的z或者有效电荷现在是,我们再一次将它带入我们的方程。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选