-
Economists point out that the current jobless rate is already higher than the hypothetical rate that was used to calculate the health of banks and other financial institutions in so-called "stress tests" earlier this year.
VOA: standard.2009.06.07
-
If we want to know the total heat added to the system, we can measure it, which is the straightforward thing, but sometimes you want to calculate in advance, or sometimes you want to calculate it on an exam.
如果想知道给系统的总热量，我们可以测量，这是很直接的事情，但有时候我们想事先计算它，或者需要在考试中计算。
-
You figure that most of those boxes are being eaten by somebody or another, there's some waste that you might calculate in, but there--error gets introduced there trying to estimate that, so you get a number on that.
你的计算中大部分食品,都被人们吃了,浪费的那些也要计算进来,但其中的误差,也要估算出来,最后得出一个数字
-
OK, now what we'd like to do is be able to calculate any of these quantities in terms of temperature, pressure, volume properties.
现在我们想要做的是能够利用,温度，压强和体积的性质,计算上面的物理量。
-
And, in fact, these are the only two types of nodes that we're going to be describing, so we can actually calculate both the total number of notes and the number of each type of node we should expect to see in any type of orbital.
事实上，我们只,描述这两种节点，所以我们可以,计算任何轨道中的,总结点数以及各种节点数。
-
The Born-Haber cycle was designed to allow us to calculate the energetics of, in particular,the ionic bond.
伯恩哈勃循环,可以让我们计算能量，特别是离子键的。
-
Without showing your neighbor what you're doing, put in the box below a whole number between 1 and a 100 We will calculate the average number chosen in the class.
从1到100之间选择一个号码填到,下面的方框内,不要让你同桌看到,我们会计算全班的平均数
-
You calculate how much heat is released in the reaction. And then what's going to matter is what's the heat capacity of the whole, of the calorimeter?
就是计算在反应中,放出了多少热量,接下来关键的是,整个量热计的热容是多少？
-
And just like we saw before for the case of entropy in an isolated system, now we have something we can calculate.
就像我们前面看到的,孤立系统的熵一样，现在我们有一些可以计算的东西。
-
I don't want to have to deal with heat escaping to the outside environment in a way that might be difficult or complicated to measure or calculate.
我可不想处理跑到,环境中去的热量，那测量或,计算起来会非常麻烦和复杂。
-
And we can go through and calculate the value of this quantity in parenthesis. And, when we do so, we get the value 2.18 times 10 to the minus 18 joules.
我们能进行计算这些值,如果我们这样做，我们能算出是，2。18，乘以10，的负18焦耳。
-
Now what I want to do is put up a specific example of the cycle that can be undertaken inside here in an engine, and we can just calculate from what you've already seen of thermodynamics.
现在我想做的是,举一个例子,来具体说明热机内部的循环过程，同时我们可以利用热力学定律进行计算,看看热力学参量发生了什么变化。
-
That is, in terms of equations of state. For any material Then we would really be able to essentially calculate anything. Anything thermodynamic.
换句话说，利用任何一种物质的状态方程,我们就能够实质上,计算所有物理量，所有热力学量。
-
Certainly in principle we know how to calculate this and other stuff for a change in state of this sort, for lots of changes of state.
的确原则上我们可以对某个状态变化,计算这些物理量,或者其他物理量，对其他的变化也可以做相同的计算。
-
So we have this condition that's established in a quantity that we know how to calculate.
在种种条件下,我们得到了一个我们知道如何计算的物理量。
-
But the other reason to go through the thermodynamic cycles and really to develop great facility with them is because there are just an awful lot of things in nature and things that we build that run in cycles, where we want to calculate the thermodynamics, right.
但是要推导热力学,循环并为之发展一套,完善方法的另外一个原因是,自然界中或人造的那些,我们想计算它们的热力学的东西,有很多是以循环的方式运作的。
-
Cv So, for Cp and Cv, these are often quantities that are measured as a function of temperature, and one could, in fact, calculate this integral.
一般Cp和,都是温度的函数，因此实际上，我们可以将这个积分计算出来。
-
But because in many cases we can reasonably either model or measure equations of state, collect data for a material for its temperature, pressure, volume relations, then in fact if we can relate all these quantities to those then in fact we really can calculate essentially all of the thermodynamics. For the material.
但是因为在很多情况下,我们能够合理的给出状态方程的模型,或者通过收集一个物质的，温度，压强和体积之间的关系,来测量其状态方程，所以实际上我们可以给出压强等物理量,和热力学势之间的关系,并计算出所有的热力学势，对于给定的物质。
-
So now, then we're going to use what we're going to learn from step two in order to calculate III this part, what we could call step three.
现在我们要用从步骤II中,得知的东西来计算这个部分,我们可以叫它步骤。
-
All right, so now let's see how we execute it, and do the calculations that allow us to calculate this. So, one, what's delta H in step one?
好，现在我们看看怎样操作它，怎样进行计算，第一步,步骤I的ΔH是多少？
-
If you want to calculate a change in delta u.
我们计算Δu的路径。
-
OK, in a few weeks, you're going to find out that we can calculate dH/dp from this equation of state, and you're going to find p out that dH/dp from that equation of state b-a/RT is proportional to b minus a over RT.
好，在接下来几个星期里,你们将知道从这个状态方程,可以计算出偏H偏p，并且你们会发现,从这个状态方程得到的偏H偏,正比于。
-
So let's do a sample calculation now using this Rydberg formula, and we'll switch back to emission, and the reason that we'll do that is because it would be nice to actually approve what we just saw here and calculate the frequency of one of our lines in the wavelength of one of the lines we saw.
让我们用Rydberg公式,做一个例题，我们回到发射上,这么做是因为这样,可以用我们看到的波长,来验证我们计算的频率。
-
Which means that g we can really calculate all the thermodynamics in terms of only g.
这意味着,我们能够利用,计算出所有的热力学量。
-
In fact, we're going to do some of that today, u OK, calculate delta u.
待会我们就来看看，怎样计算Δ
-
The purpose here is to look at a series of processes in which temperature is held constant, and we're going to calculate how much work we get from allowing a gas to expand under various conditions.
目的是让大家了解一下,几个保持温度不变的过程，然后我们将计算,气体在不同膨胀过程中,的对外做功。
-
Just like u, we'd like to be able to express it in a way that allows us to calculate what happens only from equation of state data.
就像内能u一样，我们希望能够利用状态方程的数据,计算出其表达式,这些表达式能方便我们说出即将发生的过程。
应用推荐