Redleaf was able to figure out who was going to get hit for the backdating scandal before other people did and then that was an advantage.

莱德利夫可以在其他人之前,找出谁将在这个倒签丑闻中被调查,他抢先一步发现问题,这是他的优势

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Lee concluded that companies were fraudulently backdating options.

所以李得出结论,公司以欺诈形式倒签期权

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

You understand that issue about backdating?

你们明白倒签的含义吗

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选