They came from a home built by the Assyrian ruler Sargon the Second in modern day Iraq.

VOA: special.2010.06.23

We have a full text of the epic that was located in the library of Assurbanipal an Assyrian king. It's a seventh century copy of the story.

现在，在阿淑尔巴尼帕图书馆,保存着公元七世纪,这部书完整的原本。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

You see, in the previous empires, like the Assyrian Empire, or these kinds of-- the Egyptian Empire, when people conquered other peoples, often all they wanted was tribute.

之前的各个帝国，比如亚述帝国，或者埃及帝国-,当他们战胜其他民族时，往往只是觊觎贡品。

耶鲁公开课 - 新约课程节选

So Judah, the Southern Kingdom, is a tribute-paying vassal state to the Assyrian overlord. And of course there's a great deal of Assyrian cultural influence and religious influence in Judah as a result.

那么犹大，南部王国，是纳贡者-向亚述统治者,上交贡赋理所应当的，他们受到了许多亚述,文化和宗教影响。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

Middle Assyrian Laws: there's death to a wife if she steals from her husband and death to any who purchased the stolen goods.

中亚述法典这样描述，偷取丈夫财物的妻子应处死,对任何购买盗窃之物的人也应处死。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

The Hittite laws too: there are different amounts fixed by class in the miscarriage laws, 95 and 99. The middle Assyrian laws also distinguish between the awilum, the mushkenum and the slave.

赫梯法典也一样，在从第95条到99条的流产法中,不同阶级有不同的处罚金额，中亚述法典也对,阿维鲁，穆什钦努和奴隶进行了区分。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

He may mutilate his ears by piercing them. The middle Assyrian laws also legalized violence against a wife. "When she deserves it" a seignor may pull out the hair of his wife, mutilate or twist her ears.

可以刺伤其耳朵，另外，中亚述法律,也将对妻子的暴力行为合法化了，“如果她是应受的“,自由人可以拔其发，毁其耳。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

The story of the first human pair in the Garden of Eden, which is in Genesis 2 and 3 has clear affinities with the Epic of Gilgamesh, that's a Babylonian and Assyrian epic in which a hero embarks on this exhausting search for immortality.

创世纪2至3，里，伊甸园亚当和夏娃的故事,与《吉尔迦美什史诗》有着密切的联系，《吉尔迦美什史诗》是巴比伦人和亚叙人的,一个英雄竭尽全力追求永生的故事。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

In the middle Assyrian laws also, homicide--it's up to the family.

同样，在中亚述法典里，对杀人罪的惩罚取决于死者家人。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

Some scholars refer to Deuteronomy as a kind of counter treaty, if you will, right? A subversive document that's trying to shift the people's loyalty from the Assyrian overlord to God, the true sovereign, and it's part of a national movement.

有些学者把申命记看做是一份对应的条约，如果你会这样的话，是吗？一份颠覆性的条约，试图将人们的忠诚,从亚述帝王那里引向上帝，真正的统治者，并且这是一次全国性行动的一部分。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选