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It said that it was true the trust had formed a monopoly in the sugar-producing industry.
VOA: special.2010.06.03
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It was granted a monopoly on joint stock banking by Parliament in return for giving war loans to the government.
作为向政府给予战争贷款的交换,英格兰银行被英国国会授予,成为股份制银行的垄断者。
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The reason I should pick on the SOM people, is their ambition in life is to run a monopoly, right.
我为什么要找管理学院的人回答呢,因为他们人生最大追求就是要搞垄断
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Christian in France expressed a different concern, saying: The big problem of the transgenic seeds is that they are the monopoly of big companies.
VOA: special.2010.05.18
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Peter the Great had a monopoly on dice, because people gambled a lot.
彼得大帝曾经垄断了骰子的销售,因为人们很喜欢赌博
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Gazprom,Russia's gas export monopoly, also had signed a deal to sell China 70 billion cubic meters of natural gas a year.
VOA: standard.2009.10.13
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They were the judicial authority basing that on their claim to divine descent on their, certainly, noble descent, and on the fact that the nobility had a monopoly of knowledge about what the traditions of the community are.
他们能成为司法机关,是基于他们所谓的神圣血统,当然,就是贵族血统,同时也基于贵族对于知识的垄断,对所谓传统的解释权的垄断
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Hobbes in the Hobbesian doctrine of sovereignty, or the Hobbesian sovereign, to have a complete monopoly of power within his given territory.
在他的君主学说，或是霍布斯式的君主论中，霍布斯认为，在特定的领土中,存在着一种绝对的权利。
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It did not have a government monopoly on note issue but over the time it became the prime issuer of U.K. notes.
在纸币发行上，它并没有政府垄断者的角色,但是随着时间的流逝,它成为了英国纸币的主要发行者。
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For example, if Firm 2 shut down and Firm 1 produced its monopoly profits, that is, a monopoly quantity, that would maximize firm profits.
比如公司2停产而公司1生产垄断产量,垄断产量会使行业利润最大化
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Here, Firm 1 produced nothing and Firm 2 produced a monopoly quantity; and here Firm 2 produced nothing and Firm 1 produced a monopoly quantity.
在这点是公司1停产公司2垄断,而在这点是公司2停产公司1垄断
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He's a monopoly; so she's a monopolist, so we know how to figure out monopoly quantities from what we did in 115 or equivalent courses.
她会形成垄断,我们都知道如何计算垄断产出,在115或者类似课程中都学过的
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If he's gone above the monopoly price we need to be a little bit more careful.
如果它高于垄断价格了,我们需要小心点
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But we'd like a model that yields an outcome that looks-- that when you only have two firms looks somewhere between monopoly and perfect competition.
但我们想要一个模型能带来这样的结果,即,当只有两家公司时,一个介乎于垄断和完全竞争之间的情形
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However, then I'll have the whole market, it's as if I'm a monopolist but suddenly I'm pricing above the monopoly price, that can't be right.
但是,占有整个市场,相当于我是个垄断企业,但是我的价格却高于垄断价格,那是不正确的
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And we did a third thing, which we tried to match this up to the economic intuition about monopoly, and perfect competition, and demand curves, and so on.
我们使用的第三个方法,我们尝试将它和,经济直觉联系起来,如垄断,完全竞争和需求曲线等等
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The point is that in this game in which firms competed in prices, even though there were only two firms in the market, only one firm more than monopoly, we get a dramatically different result than we had last time.
重点是这个公司进行价格竞争的博弈,尽管博弈中只有两家公司,仅仅比垄断情况下多了一家,我们得到了与上次完全不同的结果
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So if Pepsi is dumb enough to price above monopoly, sure I will undercut Pepsi but I won't undercut Pepsi by a penny, I'll undercut Pepsi all the way down to the monopoly price and make monopoly profits.
如果百事笨到把价格设的高于垄断价格,我当然要定价比百事低,但不是低一点,我要把价格设得比百事低直至垄断价格,并获取垄断收益
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Well, one thing that goes wrong is that suppose Coke and Pepsi were able to either to write a contract or whatever to sustain joint monopoly output at this high price, this price which is actually producing positive profits in the industry it is going to turn out, therefore the price is going to be above costs.
我来说吧,问题出在这里了,假设可口可乐和百事达成了协议,不管签的是协议还是合同,只要能通过协约维持垄断产出,通过制定高价来达到正的利润就行,这样价格是高于成本的
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So this monopoly quantity is indeed a - c over 2b.
因此垄断产量是/2b
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Well, the monopoly quantity was a - c over 2b and the competitive quantity was a - c over b, just to remind you of those, they're on our picture.
垄断产量是/2b,完全竞争产量是/b,提示大家一下,这几点都在图上呢
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