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The 1907 banking crisis then led finally to the creation of the system that we have now the Federal Reserve System.
907年的银行业危机最终导致,我们现有的系统的建立,联邦储备金系统。
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that could do anything from consulting to banking to finance to recruitment agencies.
从咨询到银行业，到金融，到招聘中介机构，各行各业都有。
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Before that the United States went through repeated banking crises when people would start demanding the gold for their notes.
才有了中央银行，在这之前,当人们向银行索要金子来兑现他们的纸币时,美国经历了一次又一次的重蹈覆辙的银行业危机。
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Outside of that, you have, you know, big pharmaceutical companies, Roche and Bayer.
除了银行业，还有大的医药公司，罗氏公司和拜耳医药。
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Once again, i won't get into all the details of this, but it ended up with a run on the Argentine banks.
这里我就不多阐述了,同样是以阿根廷银行业遭受重创收场
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I think we're in a very interesting time for banking and for the economy as a whole.
我认为现在正处于银行业和经济,发展中很重要的一个时期
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We're going through a subprime crisis right now, which is a banking crisis as well.
我们现在正在经历一场次级债危机,它同时也是一场银行业危机
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The following lecture will be about banking, the supply of money and the money multiplier.
接下来的课我们讲银行业,货币供应和货币乘数
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Moreover they can also borrow from the Federal Reserve Banks when they're in trouble and need money and that's supposed to help prevent banking crises.
更多的是，当它们陷入困境,需要钱时可以,从联邦储备银行那里借钱,这样可以帮助阻止银行业危机的产生。
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With a fractional reserve system you're in an unstable equilibrium.
伴随着部分准备金银行制度,英国的银行业处于一个不平稳的均衡中。
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And that's how banking got started.
这就是银行业的起源。
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In other words, the banks were like customers of the Bank of England; they had to keep deposits there and the Bank of England watched them to make sure that they were behaving responsibly and had authority over them because it had market power.
换句话说，其他银行在英国就像是英国银行的客户;,其他银行不得不把钱存放在英国银行那,英国银行业负责监管着,其他银行的商业行为,也指挥着其他银行,因为英国银行有着控制市场的力量。
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They didn't succeed; we still had banking crises so the system didn't seem to work very well.
它们没有取得成功；,我们仍然存在银行业危机,所以这个系统似乎运行得不怎么好。
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I have various -there have been lots of banking problems in the world and let me just mention some.
我有很多...,目前全球银行业存在很多问题,我来讲其中的一部分
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And within the banking sector, you have, you don't have that as strongly.
在银行业，那个没有这么强烈。
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They merely were there in a time of emergency to prevent hopefully a banking crisis.
它们只是在危急时刻,阻止一个银行业危机的发生。
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is it over in Japan? Maybe or maybe not.
银行业在日本是不是完蛋了？，也许是，也许不是。
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Today I want to talk about banking and this ties in somewhat to my previous lecture, which was on real estate, because banks are major real estate lenders and investors in real estate securities.
今天我想谈一谈银行业,这与我的前一讲紧密相联,即有关房地产的内容,因为银行是房地产行最主要的资金贷方,和房地产证券投资方
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But eventually you have this bearer note that you start passing around to spend to other people and they start to think of them as money and that's the origin of banking.
但是最终，你持有这个不记名票据,并且开始将其流传到,别人手中,然后他们开始将其视为金钱,这就是银行业的起源。
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The problem with private banks issuing notes is that there would periodically be banking crises when the banks failed to pay on their notes and they couldn't pay out the gold that was demanded--that was required.
私有银行发行纸币的问题在于,当它们没法用要求的金子-规定的金子数量,支付它们发行的纸币时,它们将周期性的,陷入银行业危机。
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When did we have we had a severe banking crisis 1797 1819 1837 1857 1873 in the United States in 1797 in 1819 in 1837 in 1857 in 1873 in 1893 and in 1907.
这些危机的发生,我们在9,1893，1907年都经历了严重的银行业危机。
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This is the securities' analog of the FDIC in banking.
IPC之于证券业,如同FDIC之于银行业
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Well, the banks tend to be number one.
我觉得银行业排第一。
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The banking sector's probably the most attractive
银行业可能是最吸引人的，
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They basically all failed and were taken over by foreign banks after the Mexican Crisis, so that's a sign of how things can go amiss.
他们已然全数破产并于,墨西哥银行业危机,之后被外国银行接管,这正是事态发展恶劣程度的标志
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As a result, there was a huge banking crisis and I mentioned before that Mexico doesn't have much in the way of domestic banks anymore.
最终,爆发了严重的银行业危机,我之前提过,墨西哥已没有几家本土银行
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I also want to talk about the impact of information and technology on banking.
我还会讲,信息科技给银行业带来的影响
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The market stability is going to be the Fed, the Fed's role would be broadened so that it's not just a banking regulator, it's the whole financial system.
市场的稳定将成为联邦政府的工作，政府的职责将会扩大,那么政府将不再仅仅是银行业的调控者，而变成了整个金融系统的调控者。
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The issuing bank would be driven out of business if it didn't. They all were using fractional reserve banking so if you have a big player that's demanding gold from you you're in trouble.
发行纸币的银行将会被驱逐出银行业,如果它不这么做，它们都采取,部分准备金银行制度，所以如果你有一个对手,一直向你索求金子，你会陷入大麻烦的。
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