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It's contracting so the Fed is trying to prevent a serious recession by cutting interest rates; they've been cutting them rapidly.
它在减小,所以美联储正在试图阻止一个因为利率缩减,而产生的严重的经济衰退；,但是他们最近一直在降低利率。
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with the economic downturn in recent times, it certainly does, you know, look not so encouraging,
近期的经济衰退让境况看起来没那么振奋人心，
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I think there's a simple story which is very different from what's causing the current apparently current recession.
我认为这里有一个简单的故事，一个不同于,现在的经济衰退的故事，导致现在这个危机。
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Because of the wide spread belief that it was the new deal which saves the country and got us out of the depression.
因为大家普遍都这样认为,是新政,救了美国,让我们脱离经济衰退。
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This in combination with the effects of aging and with genetic disposition in some instances, can cause a worldwide pandemic, and this is what we're currently experiencing.
某些场合中,衰退和生化影响,能引发全球性的大流行，这也是我们近来所见所闻。
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Now, for a long time in American scholarship and in American classrooms one of the deep mythologies about this whole story of the era of the American Civil War in the Old South is that the Old South's plantation economy was dying out.
在很长的一段时间中,美国学术界和美国课堂,对于这个时代内战前的南方历史,存有一个疑点,就是当时南方的种植园经济正在逐渐衰退
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that newspapers are dying and are eliminating.
报纸正面临衰退和消失。
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There is no better time to start a new company or a new idea than a depression or recession because a lot of the management teams were being asked to leave.
金融衰退和大萧条是,建立一个公司或是发展一个新想法的最好时机,因为很多管理团队都被辞退了。
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Catastrophe is a downturn. So that is the cation.
灾难表示衰退，所以那就是正离子。
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We forget about the enormous trading vitality of Asia, even sea vitality and land vitality at the same time, but they are without any question by this point-- with the decline of the Spanish empire, which begins before this course-- the Dutch and the English.
我们先不考虑亚洲大量的贸易活动,包括同时的陆上和海上贸易,在十七世纪之前,随着西班牙帝国的衰退,欧洲最大的贸易实体,毫无疑问是荷兰和英国
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The most recent recession we've had is 2001; it began and ended in the same year, 2001.
最近的一次衰退是在2001年,开始结束都在2001年
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So I by that indicator we are in a recession and we don't know that it's over yet; it's been falling.
所以我，通过那个指数，我们正处于经济衰退时期,并且我们不知道它是否结束；它一直在下降。
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We saw a collapse in real estate prices after 1990 and a recession in 1991, so it was the big story of the 1980s.
我们目睹了1990年后房价暴跌,以及1991年的经济衰退,这就是20世纪80年代的重大事件
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It's at the level almost down to the lowest that we got in the 1990-91 recession.
它正处在这个水平上,几乎是1990-91经济衰退时最低的水平。
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Now it still hasn't been identified as a recession and some people are still hoping that we won't have a recession in 2008.
现在，它还没有被认作是经济衰退,人们仍然希望,我们在2008年不会经历经济衰退。
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The Federal Funds Rate was recently cut to 2.25% and it's expected to be cut further because of the recession that we're now apparently in.
联邦资金利率最近被,缩减到2。25%，并且仍被认为要缩减,原因就在于我们现在历经的经济衰退。
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I think the 2001--if you want to have a story about it the 2001 recession was caused by the end of the stock market boom.
我认为2001年-如果你想听听它的故事,2001年的经济衰退时由于,股票市场繁荣昌盛的结束引发的。
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This recession was I think just a Gulf War recession.
我认为这个经济衰退只是，海湾战争经济衰退。
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Well, that's because the housing market is now in decline.
因为住房市场正在衰退
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The housing sector in the United States, you might say, is completely different from municipal bond insurers; but when the housing sector starts going down, people start defaulting on their mortgages.
你可能会说,美国房地产,是与市政债券保险公司完全不同,但是当房地产行业开始衰退,人们就开始对抵押贷款违约
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In response to the subprime crisis that we are now in, our central bank, the Federal Reserve, has been cutting interest rates aggressively to try to save the economy that appears to be declining.
为了积极应对,目前的次贷危机,我们的中央银行,也就是美联储,已经调低利率,来积极地拯救正在衰退的经济
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And so the whole definition of what a recession is is evolving and... we could be in a similar kind of situation where job...number of jobs goes up or down and maybe output doesn't.
因此，经济衰退的完整定义,不是一成不变的。,有时可能出现这种情况,失业率也会上升或下降,而国民产量并无波动。
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What caused that recession?
是什么导致了这场经济衰退呢？
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The question was whether we were looking to take more short positions as the economy appears to be moving into recession and I guess the second part of the question was how do you remain bullish in this kind of environment.
问题是,在经济表现出走向衰退时,我们是否会做更多空头,我想这个问题的另一面就是,在那种情况下如何保持市场信心
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It wasn't caused by the Fed's sudden tightening against inflation. It was different it was this recession was not understood not anticipated; the Fed came in late to cut interest rates to try to prevent it from being worse because it just didn't seem to have any reason for happening.
它不是由于美联储对通货膨胀的,突然紧缩政策造成的，它不同之处在于,这个经济衰退没有被理解，没有事先准备好；,美联储试图阻止它恶化而,降低利率为时已晚，因为,它似乎看起来没有任何理由发生。
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Then we had another recession that began in 1953 -that's that line--and it ended in '54, and so on.
接着1953年再次陷入衰退,这条线,结束于54年,等等
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Now the other point here is that "the definition" of recession seems to be evolving... What you gave... -Didn't I give the statement that ? you gave this to your students what I just gave, right?
关键还在于,对于经济衰退的定义尚无定论。,你刚才给的版本。。。，-难道我的陈述,你教给学生的也是这个版本吧？
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Those doctors would still not be able to improve school performance of the kids with learning disabilities and they would still not be able to prevent cognitive impairment and loss of memory in older adults because at this point we don't really understand enough about learning To know which neurons and synapses within a circuit would need to be tinkered with.
他恐怕还是改变不了有学习障碍的孩子们的表现,阻挡不了老年人的认知功能损害和记忆力的衰退,因为我们对这一学科的确知之甚少,不知道知道回路中的到底是哪些神经元和神经突触需要修复。
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Anyway this recession has been a model for what happens in recessions.
不论如何，这个经济衰退给,衰退中发生的事情做了个例子。
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When the housing market is in decline, the ability to sell houses drops dramatically.
当住房市场衰退时,房屋销售量就会急剧下降
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