-
and this is something I'm going to return to on Wednesday actually, behaviorists have provided powerful techniques for training, particularly for nonverbal creatures.
实际上我周三的时候会来讲讲这个，行为主义者们发明了,在训练非言语生物方面，非常有效的训练技术。
-
And from a behaviorist point of view this is because of the associative history of these things.
在行为主义者看来,这是在这些事物之间的联结历史造成的。
-
I would argue that there is a direct line from the Enlightenment philosophy to nihilism, that is to say a philosophy that says there are no limits to what human beings may do.
我得说启蒙哲学和虚无主义哲学,还是泾渭分明的,虚无主义者认为,人类的行为是没有限制的
-
Remember behaviorists were entirely comfortable studying animals and drawing extrapolations to other animals and to humans.
大家都还记得，行为主义者研究动物,然后去推断其他动物以及人类。
-
And through this way behaviorists have developed token economies where they get nonhuman animals to do interesting things for seemingly arbitrary rewards like poker chips.
通过这种方式,行为主义者们发明了代币法,他们用一种特定的类似于扑克筹码的奖励,来训练非人类动物。
-
So a behaviorist story about fetishes, for instance, is it's straightforward classical conditioning.
比如行为主义者对恋物癖的一种解释就是，恋物癖是简单的经典条件作用的结果。
-
Many of these behaviorist techniques have proven to be quite useful.
许多行为主义者所提出的技术,都被证明是非常有效的。
-
Finally, behaviorists believed there were no interesting differences across species.
最后，行为主义者认为,生物种群之间并不存在太大的差别。
-
He argued for the notions of operant conditioning to be extended to everyday life and argued that people's lives would become fuller and more satisfying if they were controlled in a properly behaviorist way.
他认为我们应当,将众多操作性条件作用的概念,应用于日常生活之中,他还认为，如果能够以行为主义者眼中,恰当的方式来控制人们的行为,那么人们便会拥有更加充实美满的生活。
-
And that's a lot of what they did.
这也是行为主义者的常用研究方法。
-
And stimulus generalization is the topic of one of your articles in The Norton Reader, the one by Watson, John Watson, the famous behaviorist, who reported a bizarre experiment with a baby known as Little Albert.
刺激泛化是,《诺顿读本》中一篇文章的主题，作者为约翰·华生，著名的行为主义者，他记述了一项奇怪的实验,对象则是一名叫做小阿尔伯特的婴儿。
-
And so, the behaviorist manifesto would then be to develop a science without anything that's unobservable and instead use notions like stimulus and response and reinforcement and punishment and environment that refer to real world and tangible events.
因此，行为主义者的目标,是建立一门科学,将一切不可观测的事情都排除在外,取而代之的是应用,诸如刺激，反应，强化，惩罚,以及表示现实世界和客观事件的环境,之类的概念来进行研究。
-
A behaviorist might admit that a human can do things that a rat or pigeon couldn't but a behaviorist might just say, "Look. Those are just general associative powers " that differ" Or they may even deny it.
行为主义者可能会承认人类能够做到,一些老鼠或鸽子无法做到的事情,但他们或许只会说，“它们只不过是在一般性联想学习能力上,有所差异而已“,甚至他们干脆否认。
-
And what I mean by this is the behaviorists were obsessed with the idea of doing science and they felt, largely in reaction to Freud, that claims about internal mental states like desires, wishes, goals, emotions and so on, are unscientific.
我的意思是,行为主义者沉迷于“科学“的理念之中,难以自拔,他们主要针对的是弗洛依德，他们认为那些所谓的内在心理状态,如欲望，意愿，目标，情感等等，都是不科学的。
-
And then later on the kid's going to say, " "I want to do it again" and you say no and the kid keeps asking because you've put it, well, put it as in a psychological way, not the way the behaviorists would put it.
这样以后，孩子还是会说，“我还想和你一起睡,你说不行,然后孩子就不停的问你,从心理学的角度来看，这是因为，你并未采取行为主义者们会采取的方法。
应用推荐