The way, in the simplest terms that cyanide can kill you, is it basically out-competes your oxygen for the heme in your blood.

氰化物可以杀掉你的最简单的一种方式基本上就是，将氧从你血液中,的血红素中挤出去。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

They're red because they contain a special protein called hemoglobin which is very concentrated inside the cell.

红细胞的红色源于,其内部一种叫做血红蛋白的特殊蛋白质,血红蛋白在细胞内的浓度很高

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

One example of a very different cell is a red cell or red blood cell, these are the cells that give blood it's red color.

举个高度分化细胞的例子,红细胞,或称血红细胞,它们赋予了血液鲜红的色彩

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It's on the gene for hemoglobin and the hemoglobin that you produce if you have sickle cell anemia is not quite right because there's one base difference.

这个缺陷基因和血红蛋白有关,如果你有镰状红细胞贫血症,那你所产生的血红蛋白就不太正常,因为这里有一个碱基不同

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Hemoglobin, as you know, is an oxygen carrier and so red blood cells concentrate in bags of hemoglobin which circulate in your blood and they carry oxygen.

众所周知,血红蛋白可以携带氧气,含有大量血红蛋白的红细胞,在全身循环,以携带氧气

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Here's the difference between normal hemoglobin and sickle hemoglobin, I can make - I can see a chemical difference, I can exploit it, how can I find it?

正常血红蛋白和镰状红细胞贫血的,血红蛋白有不同之处,我能够--我能看出有化学差异,我能去探寻差异,那么我怎么找到它呢

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Well, it was not very hard for me to draw this red blood cell here, it's just an oval, and one reason I draw it like an oval, is that that's basically what it looks like if you look at it.

我可以很容易的画出,一个血红细胞,就画个椭圆足矣,因为它看上去就是这个样子的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If you have normal hemoglobin you have this sequence here, CCTGAGGAG.

正常血红蛋白的基因序列是这样的,CCTGAGGAG

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In a normal cell DNA that DNA in the normal cell - this DNA gets cut by the restriction enzyme, so the sickle gene ends up - so that hemoglobin gene ends up in two pieces.

一个正常细胞的DNA,正常细胞里的DNA,会被限制酶所剪切,因此镰状血红蛋白基因--,不对,是正常血红蛋白基因被切成两段

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选