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You see, the quantum condition, by putting quantization into the moangular mentum it is propagated through the entire system. Orbit dimensions are quantized.
你们看，量子条件，通过把,角动量量子化，它就能在这个系统中进行传播,同时轨道大小也被量子化。
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If you double everything in the system, the temperature is not going to change, it's not going to double.
如果你把系统中所有的东西增加一倍，温度是不会变的，它不会跟着增加一倍。
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The reason for that is because all of this is connected, so we're moving electrons everywhere in the system.
这个现象的原因是因为,它们全部都是连接起来的，所以在这个系统中,电子移动到所有地方。
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I have shown that by taking Avogadro's number of individual ion pairs and putting them all together in a line, the system's energy became more negative.
我推导出了,从每一个离子对中抽出阿伏加德罗常数,再把它们放在一起在一列中，这个系统的能量就变得更负。
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In fact, of all the systems of cellular differentiation that are known in our bodies, probably hematopoiesis is the best known.
事实上,我们体内已知的,所有由细胞分化成的系统中,造血系统也许是最为人所熟知的
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So you say well, rather than rushing off and fixing this one bug, let me pull back and ask, bug is this a systematic mistake that I've made throughout the program?
因此我们应该回头想想,这是不是我在整个程序中都，在犯的一个系统性错误，而不是匆匆忙忙的去修复这一个,如果确实是系统性错误的话？
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Then we realize once again that we can only know what it is if we come to understand--in this case, probably, it's best to say a cultural system, understood as a semiosis, within which it appears.
这样我们就又明白了,只有在一个特定的文化系统中,我们才能认识一个符号。
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They borrow the characters from what had been already something quite close to an alphabet and had only a relatively small number.
他们从十分接近字母系统的书写体系中,借来字符使用,而这些字符相对较少
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It's how quickly, how promptly we can recover from these painful emotions-- in other words, how strong our psychological immune system is.
区别在于他们能够多么迅速，多么快速地从痛苦情绪中恢复过来-,换言之，我们的心理免疫系统有多强。
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Now, language is not the only thing in culture or nature that has this sort of combinatorial system.
语言并不是在文化或自然中,唯一拥有这种组合系统的事物
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So if you're coming from prior background, your code might work a little differently on a different system if you don't use those flags.
如果你来自一个先前的背景，如果你们没有使用这个版本标志的话，在一个不同的系统中,你的代码可能运行地不太一样。
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It started not really as a planned system not planned by any government.
出于经验才产生的机构,它并不是在一个计划好了的系统中生成的。
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So the temperature is intensive, and you can make intensive properties out of the extensive properties by dividing by the numberof moles in the system.
所以温度是强度量，你可以通过,除以系统中物质的摩尔数,来从广延量中导出强度量。
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And the cause of some thermodynamics have even been applied to economics, systems out of equilibrium, like big companies like Enron, you know, completely out of equilibrium, crash and burn.
热力学中的一些观点,甚至被应用到经济学中，非平衡态系统，比如像安永那样大公司,彻底偏离平衡态,最后破产了。
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Schrodinger said I am going to take that same idea, and I am going to apply it to a larger scale system.
薛定谔说我将用同样的思路，我要把它用到一个更大的系统中。
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This, by the way, is a way of showing the fact that everything which appears in a semiotic system is conventional, right?
这也表明了,任何在符号系统中出现的符号都要符合惯例？
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It is no longer tethered to the nucleus so there is no energy stored in the system.
它已经不再受原子核的吸引,所以这个系统中没有能量储存了。
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All of the molecules are called hormones, so a hormone is another name for a ligand that operates in this endocrine fashion.
这些分子都叫做激素,那么激素就是在内分泌系统中,起作用的配体的另一种叫法
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And they've included too much or too little in the system, and it looks to them that the second law is broken and they've created more energy than is being brought in.
他们在系统中,包含了过多或过少的物质，从而在他们看来,第二定律貌似是被打破了,他们创造了比最初引入的更多的能量。
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It has the function, in other words, of negating its own meaning in another semiotic system, in this case the semiotic system of the stoplight.
也就是说，他有这样那样的功能，在不同语义系统中表示的甚至完全相反，就像红灯表示的这些不同含义一样。
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I mean that's obvious. The mass, if you double the amount of stuff the mass will double.
这是显然的，还有质量，如果你把系统中物质的,数量增加一倍，质量也会增加一倍。
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They can be 64 bits, but very often on systems today are pointers 32 bits.
也可能为64位，但在通常的,系统中，指针占32位。
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In the case of a ligand-receptor, a chemical signal in the form of a concentration of ligand gets converted into a biochemical signal.
在配体-受体系统中,配体浓度这种化学信号,转化为生化信号
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So, if we want to go from that stable state to that less stable state, we need to put in a certain amount of energy to our system, that difference between the free electron and the electron bound to the metal.
所以，如果我们想使电子,从稳态到达不够稳定的状态，我们需要引入一定数量的,能量到系统中，即自由电子和束缚于金属的,电子的能量差。
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These are physical knobs that are available us as experimentalists. And so when we turn these knobs on our system, we want to know how the enthalpy is changing for that system.
这些都是我们做实验可,以得到的物理变量,所以当我们在系统中,改变这些量的时候。
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It either had work, got its heat from the surroundings, or it got worked on by the surroundings.
系统从环境中，得到热量。
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That can be a very strong amplifying response, and that happens in the immune system in many cases.
这可能会产生非常强的放大效应,这种效应在免疫系统中很常见
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This is a mode of communication that's used very frequently in the immune system as we'll see later.
这种通讯方式,在免疫系统中广泛使用,我们下面会讲
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Whatever the convention is within a system of differences, that's what makes the sign intelligible.
这些惯例存在于一个有差别的系统中，这就让符号变得有意义了。
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It is perpetually caught up in its own systematic nature so that it's a center.
它永远陷于自己本身系统性的本质中,因此它自己是个中心。
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