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If you look at the history of U.S. Taxes, the very simple history is World War One and World War Two.
如果你看一下美国税收历史，里面提到了一个典型的时期,就是一次世界大战和二次世界大战的时候。
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I mean, why can't the government just provide some type of a tax benefit
我的意思是说，为什么政府不能就提供某些税收优惠，
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We have a good system in taxes, but it's imperfect because it hasn't been thought out thoroughly in terms of risk management.
我们有很好的税收制度，但它并不完善,因为它并非完全从风险管理的角度,经过考量而得出的。
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And as for taxes, the Bush tax cuts as John said, are set to expire very substantially by the end of 2010.
至于在税收方面，约翰刚才也说过，布什的减税政策，会在2010年底，最终期满失效。
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Would you say that they don't deserve help that would come from the federal government through taxation?
你会认为他们不应得到救助吗,不值得让联邦政府通过税收帮助他们吗？
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So, in order to raise money, you have to enforce taxes.
所以这些国家为了筹集资金,必须加强税收
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Equal justice, he tells us, requires equal taxation policy and he seems to be proposing a kind of consumption tax so that the rich, who consume more will have to pay their fair share.
再者，社会公平是建立在等同的税收政策上的,霍布斯还提议征收消费税,如此一来，富人就会因为消费得多，而缴纳相对公平的税收份额。
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He wanted huge taxation.
并且在此制度下的税收是很重的
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So could you use taxes and subsidies, for example, to raise the price of foods that you think people should be eating less of, and lower the price of things you would like people eating more of?
你能通过税收和补助金的方式来解决吗,例如,抬高那些你觉得大家应该少吃,的食品的价格,降低那些你认为我们,应该多吃的食物的价格
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It's favourable from a tax perspective to set up and work on your own.
从税收的角度看，成立自己的公司很有利。
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That's part of public finance--is learning how to modify the tax system so that it works pretty well.
公共财政学的一个课题就是,研究如何改进税收制度，使其更有效。
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If the taxation is by the consent of the governed, it's not coerced. It's legitimate.
如果税收是由统治者一致决定的话，那就不是强制，就是合法的。
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The Romans prospered by taxation.
罗马通过税收繁荣。
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and even beyond taxation.
甚至超越税收制度呢。
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The thing that's really doing the heavy hitting on risk management is really the tax and welfare system.
而税收和福利制度能真正有效地,实现风险管理。
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I'm saying that, unless tax considerations intervene, dividend policy is really irrelevant for a firm.
除去税收的干扰,股利政策对公司是无相关性的
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So taxation by consent of the governed is not coercive.
经统治者同意的税收就不是强制的。
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During the war the government needs resources; it's in trouble; it raises taxes to try to pay for the war but then it finds it unable to collect taxes well.
在战争期间，政府需要资源；,它处于困境之中；,它通过提高税收来为战争支付开销,但是它又会发现自己不能够很好的得到税收资金。
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So the real question is how does he himself figure it out between " "I agree to give up my life, give up my property" when he talks about taxes or military conscription for the fact.
所以真正的问题是，他如何能自圆其说以下观点,“我同意放弃我的生命，放弃我的财产“,当他谈到税收制或征兵制时是这样说的。
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All right, the idea that taxation is theft, Nozick takes that point one step further.
很好，关于税收是盗窃这个观点，诺齐克要更进一步。
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Public finance relates to the tax and welfare system that we have.
公共财政学涉及,税收和我们的福利体系。
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s a wonderful way to raise money, to raise money without saying re taxing people.
哦，这是一种绝佳的集资方式，Oh，，it’,集资而又不告诉民众,政府其实加重了税收，that，you’
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People start evading taxes; there's a lot of discord.
人们开始逃避税收；产生了很多纷争。
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There's a tax incentive to do that.
这里面还有一个税收激励因素
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What tax policy would you have?
你会制定怎样的税收政策？
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And if the government didn't provide for the poor as ten percent as you say through taxation, then we would need more money for police to prevent crime and so, either way, there would be more taxes taken away to provide " what you guys call the necessary things that the government provides.
如果政府不能,通过税收来补贴你所提到的10%的穷人，则需要花更多的钱雇警力来防止犯罪,所以，不管怎样，都需要交更多的税,提供你们所说的政府该提供的“必需品。
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Alright, we should make clear that John is advising John McCain So, that answer is not a total surprise 18.5% Federal tax receipts now about 18.5 percent of GDP ? 3 years from now, higher, lower, about the same?
好吧，看来约翰是在为约翰·麦凯恩拉票了,这个倒是意料之中的事儿,目前联邦税收约占GDP的,3年之后，是升高，降低还是持平？
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I want to start out by mentioning taxes and welfare because, I think, that it's really the most important risk management system already in place.
我想从,税收和福利开始讲起，是因为，我认为，它们实际上是现行的最重要的,风险管理机制。
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It's just hard to raise money by taxing.
通过税收来募集资金很难。
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