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So by using the tabulated data, we can really determined heats of formation for most reactions that you might contemplate, OK?
所以，使用这些表格,我们就能确定大多数,你可能碰到的反应的生成热？
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That's the set up. We're going to run the reactants, the reaction. The reactants are going to turn into products.
这就是我们的装置，我们要进行反应,让反应物变成生成物。
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Like we talked about with insulin; make large quantities of this recombinant viral protein, and use that as a vaccine.
就像我们讲过的胰岛素,生成大量重组的病毒蛋白,并将其作为疫苗使用
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And we haven't talked about reactions at all yet, so you don't need to worry about the specifics of that exactly, but just that if you have this negative change in energy, you have a more stable product than you do reactant.
当然我们还没有开始讨论反应，所以你不用担心它的细节是怎么样的，你只需要知道，如果能量的变化是负值，那么你将得到一个比反应物更稳定的生成物。
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I showed you last day what happens when they form and we were able to electrolyze and make fantastic metals like magnesium.
昨天我讲过,当离子液体形成我们就可以使其电解,生成出神奇的金属，比如镁。
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Because of this, they can't repair the various kinds of damage they need, or create the amino acids and proteins they need.
他们不能修复各种损伤,或者生成所需的氨基酸蛋白质
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- And because I'm writing out a string that's the same length -- -- my strings aren't getting shorter -- it's creating this illusion of some animation.
因为我写了一个长度相同的字符串-,我的字符串不会变的更短-,它生成一个动画幻觉。
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What's on the screen are computer generated faces of a Caucasian male and a Caucasian female who don't exist in the real world.
屏幕上面的这些是电脑生成的,一个高加索男性和一个高加索女性的面孔,他们在现实世界中并不存在
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It started not really as a planned system not planned by any government.
出于经验才产生的机构,它并不是在一个计划好了的系统中生成的。
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On the whole, Yale students are not random number generators.
总的来说,耶鲁大学的学生不是随机数生成器
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You could run the reaction, take solid iron gaseous oxygen, form iron oxide, measure the heat of formation of it, tabulate it.
你可以进行一个反应,用固态铁和氧气生成氧化铁，测量它的生成热，列成表格。
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But this is a compound, right, it has some non-zero heat of formation from the elements. So is water, right?
但这是种化合物，对吧？,它具有非零的生成热,水也是一样，对吧？
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That's the important message, delta H of formation of the products, minus delta H of formation of the reactants.
去反应物的生成焓，这,是个重要的信息，生成物的生成焓,减去反应物的生成焓。
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This stem cell which is reproduced still has the potential to undergo asymmetric division but this one does not.
新生成的干细胞,仍然有潜能进行不对称分裂,但定向祖细胞就不行
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They basically make many, many copies of their DNA and they make all of their viral proteins and they assemble into new viral units.
它们会生成不计其数的病毒基因拷贝,并翻译生成病毒蛋白,组装成新的病毒单位
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Programs that can produce music that have-- that we recognize as music, that have melodic structure and develop themes, resolve, music that nobody's heard before.
这些程序可以生成,我们认可的音乐,这些音乐具有旋律形态和递进的主题,有转为和音的章节,而且从未有人听到过这些音乐
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They often involve the generation of what are called 'second messenger' molecules which carry the signal further into the cell.
过程中通常会生成一种叫做,第二信使的分子,将信号更深入地传递至细胞内部
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It's a state function. If we know the enthalpy of the products minus the enthalpy of the reactants, right. It's a state function.
如果我们知道生成物的焓减,去反应物的焓的值,它是个态函数，原则上我们可以做到。
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Well, I need to write the reaction that forms that compound from it's elements, right?
我需要写出从元素单质生成,这种化合物的反应，对吧？
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Pluripotent stem cells that are capable of self-renewal to generate themselves and are capable of dividing into both bioloid and lymphoid progenitor cells.
多能干细胞,是能够通过自我更新进行自我生成的细胞,也能分化成髓系祖细胞,或者淋巴祖细胞
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Here, a concept is to introduce a gene that causes the process of new blood vessel growth.
看这儿,一种疗法是导入,可以促进新血管生成的基因
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In other words, we choose a convention for the zero of entropy, so that then we can write entropies of products and reactants always referring to the same standard state.
换句话说，我们选择了一个,焓零点的约定，这样我们,就可以总是相对于同样的标准,状态写出生成物和反应物的焓。
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Basically, you're introducing this gene into cells that when you give the right inactive drug that will cause the cell to make chemicals that kill it.
概括来说,当你把这个自杀基因导入,含有特定未激活药物的细胞时,二者作用就使细胞生成了,可以杀死自己的化合物
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Some form what are called megakaryocytes which become platelets, which are responsible for clotting, for forming a barrier if your circulatory system gets injured so you don't bleed.
还有一些类型的细胞称为巨核细胞,生成有凝血作用的血小板,在你的循环系统受损时形成止血屏障
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So if you could stop a tumor from being able to develop blood vessels you might be able to stop its growth at a stage where it's not harmful.
所以,如果我们能通过阻止血管的生成,来阻止肿瘤的发展,就可以在肿瘤还处于良性阶段时扼制它
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How do cells in your brain know which proteins they ought to be making, and how do cells in the pancreas know which proteins they ought to be making?
你的脑细胞怎么知道,该生成哪些蛋白质呢,而你的胰腺细胞又是怎么知道,不该生成哪些蛋白质呢
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So, a natural product is something that is made by nature, and often natural products, whether it comes from a plant or a marine organism have some really good, useful properties. And so, one particular compound has anti-tumor properties. So, again, along this line of cancer research.
天然产物是在自然界中生成的,通常一个天然产物，不管是来自植物或者海洋生物,都有些非常好非常实用的性质，其中的一个特殊的化合物,可以治疗癌症,再一次我们又来到癌症研究上。
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There is some mixture of them.
实际情况是生成物与反应物的混合。
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Hematopoiesis is the process of generating new blood cells.
造血作用就是生成新的血细胞的过程
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