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In English it begins with the late novels of Henry James around 1900, in poetry with Eliot and with Ezra Pound.
在英国现代主义萌芽于1900年左右，体现在亨利·詹姆斯,的后期小说，艾略特和艾兹拉·庞德的诗歌上。
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The other way it shares an ambition of modernism is precisely in that effort to communicate experience, consciousness.
它与现代主义追求的另一个共同点,正体现在经验和意识的交流上。
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It was a society that eventually developed a disdain for what they perceived as the corruptions of modern commercialism.
南方社会,对他们认为的腐败的现代重商主义,持有一种相当鄙夷的态度
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Modernism in Eliot and Pound is, in some ways, founded on expatriation, on a kind of internationalism.
艾略特和庞德的现代主义在某种程度上是，建立在他们被驱逐国外后的一种国际主义。
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Now by the same token, James Joyce other Modernists like James Joyce are also contributing to this idea of the independent unity of the work of art.
同样的，一些现代主义作家如,也对艺术作品独立的一致性,这一观点作出了贡献。
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But the modern world, to get back to that, to this Enlightenment world, individualism and a key aspect to that is hedonism.
但是回到现代社会,回到启蒙时期的世界,个人主义的关键在于享乐主义
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.. I think that what's happening is these ideas-- Everything is evolving, so I'm actually presenting here our modern finance as the outgrowth of socialism, but that's not the usual way to present it.
我认为这些想法观念也正在-,一切都在进步，但我真正想表达的是现代金融,也可以被解读为社会主义的一个产物，这种解读并不常见。
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This, in many ways arguably, makes him the founding father or maybe we should say godfather of modern liberalism, the importance given to rights over duties, of the individual over in many ways the collective or common good.
正是这个稍带争议的观点,使他成了现代自由主义的奠基人,甚至可以说是创始人,因为个人权力优先于义务就意味着,个人利益将优先于集体利益。
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So, now, here's just a list for you: eight features of literary modernism that are all important to Nabokov.
现在我给大家一张列表,上面列举了八项对纳博科夫非常重要的文学现代主义的特征。
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What happens to those resources that the great modernist writers endowed language with so powerfully earlier in the century?
本世纪早期,杰出的现代主义作家们如此给力,地赋予语言一些资源？
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But, Nabokov's relationship to this modernist past is not just the burlesque that he visits on Eliot, is not just this complicated attraction and dis-identification that he works on with Proust.
但是，纳博科夫和现代主义者的关系不只是,他对艾略特的滑稽模仿，也不只是和普鲁斯特,复杂的吸引和不认同。
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There's a kind of, well, masculinism in Yeats, and it's part of what I meant last time when I spoke of Yeats's anti-modernism or his reactionary modernism.
叶芝有点大男子主义，我上次提到叶芝反对,现代主义是就在指这点。
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Pound goes to work on Yeats, goes to work on his poetry and helps modernize him, although I think in lots of ways the influence went just as much the other way.
庞德转而研究叶芝和他的诗,并帮助他往现代主义转变，尽管我认为在很多方面,是叶芝影响了庞德。
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Now, you don't have to buy that and individuals undoubtedly found the strain too much from time to time, but what's interesting, is rather the ideal, the claim, the theory.
你不必非得接受这些理论,况且现代社会常充斥着个人主义倾向,但是那些理想,主张和理论却更意味深长
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What I want you to notice first of all is the kind of reader that's being invoked here for that modernist classic Ulysses.
首先希望你们注意到的是,所有开始阅读现代主义经典,《尤利西斯》的读者。
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Ideas like this, as I say, are taken from the aesthetic and practical thinking about the nature of the work of art that one finds in Modernism.
这种观点,来自对,现代主义作品美学和实际的考虑。
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So even though he's very closely connected to the legacy of avant-garde modernism, he's also connected to a social realist strain, the naturalist strain.
虽然怀特,与前卫现代主义的传承，有千丝万缕的关联，但他仍具有现实主义。
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It makes it into a real literary object, sort of like a modernist text.
他们让这书像个真正的文学读本，像是种现代主义读本。
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So, anyway. Okay. But now, that modernist tradition is something that Nabokov owes a lot to, but he always tries to distinguish himself from it. For Nabokov, the highest value is originality.
好吧，不管怎样，但现在，现代主义传统,很大程度得归功于纳博科夫，虽然他一直试图把自己,从中区别开来，对纳博科夫而言，最高尚的价值是独创性。
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So this advertisement tells you that the great classic of modernism is something you stride into like a man, but you don't have to be a particularly extraordinary man to do so.
这广告告诉你们现代主义的伟大经典,在于让你们如男人一样勇敢地投入阅读，但你不一定非得成为特别出众的人来阅读。
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In the second half of the twentieth century and up now into the twenty-first century, writers were thinking very hard about what to do stylistically with all the innovations that come in that powerful period known as modernism.
自二十世纪下半叶,直至现今二十一世纪,作家都在努力思考在现代主义影响,深远的这个时期里该怎样进行文体上的创新。
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This is not the craftedness of modernism.
这不是现代主义的精心制作。
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So, that's one aspect in which it shares something with modernism, even though stylistically, and as a matter of craft and composition, it looks very distinct.
这是它涉及到现代主义的一方面，即使是从文体上，以及写作技巧上，它也是很独特的。
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So Nabokov imbues that state of impersonality with certain kinds of emotion and then asks the reader to be as impersonal as that modernist artist also must be.
所以纳博科夫用某些特定的情感,来营造非个人化的境界,让读者像现代主义艺术家那样非个人化。
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It's a late Victorian image of an archaic singer rendered in the melodramatic manner of Pre-Raphaelite art and thoroughly removed from the aesthetic values of modernism, such as naturalism, formal clarity, emotional restraint and so on.
这是维多利亚时代晚期古代吟唱诗人的肖像,用戏剧化的前拉斐尔派,风格表现，完全摒弃了,现代主义的审美观，比如自然主义，形式明确，感情自制等等。
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Now I want to really clarify for you what I mean by this term "modernism." It just means the art and literature of the early twentieth century, especially the "high art," although its roots are definitely in the nineteenth century, especially the French nineteenth century, fiction and poetry.
现在我特别想向大家解释清楚,“现代主义“到底是什么意思，它其实就是指,20世界早期的艺术和文学作品，特别是高雅艺术“,尽管它起源于19世纪，特别是19世纪法国的小说和诗歌。
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I think the sort of skepticism I mean arises from what one might call and what often is called modernity not to be confused with Modernism, an early twentieth-century phenomenon, but the history of modern thought as it usually derives from the generation of Descartes, Shakespeare, and Cervantes.
我所说的怀疑主义,产生于我们通常说的现代性,不要与20世纪早期的，现代主义搞混了，现代性是现代思想的历史,始于笛卡尔，莎士比亚和塞万提斯一代。
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So, that is something these writers share with modernism, but there is one big difference and I want to exemplify that for you just by reading to you two parallel texts, one from the modernist canon and one from the Beat canon.
所以，这就是这些作者和现代主义的相似之处，但其中有个很大的区别，我想通过举例来说明,我给你们读两段类似的文字，分别是标准的现代主义风格和垮掉的一代的风格。
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The magazine, in many ways, announced and facilitated Eliot's rise to a kind of cultural authority as a taste maker, and with it certain ideas of modernism.
在很多方面，这本杂志宣告并且促进了艾略特的崭露头角,把他上升为一个测定文化品位的权威人士，同时也预示了杂志本身关于现代主义的一些思想。
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And modernism is all about verticality,from a certain angle.
现代主义是从固定角度来看是直立的。
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