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So by using the tabulated data, we can really determined heats of formation for most reactions that you might contemplate, OK?
所以，使用这些表格,我们就能确定大多数,你可能碰到的反应的生成热？
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And so we knew each other from one of my classes at thermal dynamics class
我们是在热动力学课上互相认识的。
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You could run the reaction, take solid iron gaseous oxygen, form iron oxide, measure the heat of formation of it, tabulate it.
你可以进行一个反应,用固态铁和氧气生成氧化铁，测量它的生成热，列成表格。
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I don't want somebody opening up a clamshell with some hot food in it. It's not right. It's not right.
我不希望任何人打开一罐蛤壳,里面装着热的食物，这不对。
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He becomes distracted by an inward fire that draws him into the woods where he wanders and sings, full of unfulfilled desire.
他被内心的热灼分了心,被吸引到林深处，在哪里他,游荡歌唱，怀着种种无法实现的愿望。
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Remember we were just demonstrating, listening to the Ravel Bolero.
刚才的热场过程中我们示范过的,我们欣赏了拉威尔的《波莱罗舞曲》
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In fact, the water at the bottom of the waterfall is hotter than the water at the top of the waterfall.
实际上，瀑布底部的水,的确比顶部的水要热。
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But this is a compound, right, it has some non-zero heat of formation from the elements. So is water, right?
但这是种化合物，对吧？,它具有非零的生成热,水也是一样，对吧？
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I can take a heat pack, like the kind you buy at a pharmacy. Break it up. It gets hot.
买来的热装罐在里面打破,它就变热了。
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We're not going to have the constant pressure heat capacity, we're going to have the constant volume heat capacity, right.
这里出现的,不是等压热容,而是等体热容。
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I'm hot, compared to the air of the room, or cold if I'm somewhere that's warm.
我相对于室内的空气是热的，或是冷的如果我呆在一个温暖的地方。
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One is that he observed when people were machining cannon barrels, a lot of heat was generated, and there was a lot of work done.
第一种说法说焦耳发现,制作加农炮筒时，会产生大量的热，同时这中间有大量的做功。
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And it's not hard to see how the heat of reaction at room temperature can be related to they heat of reaction at other temperatures.
知道室温下的反应热,如何与其他温度下的反应,热联系起来这点并不困难。
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But if you touch the valve going into your tire which basically measures the temperature of the air going into your tire, that is getting hot, right.
以至于浑身发热,如果你摸气筒的阀门,相当于近似测量了进入轮胎的气体的温度，它会很热，对吧。
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So the maximum work out required the maximum heat in.
因此输出最大的功要求,有最大的热。
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That'll be inside our calorimeter. It's insulated, and there's still a thermometer, so we can measure the temperature.
被放置在量热计里面，它是绝热的，同样有一个温度计，让我们可以测量温度。
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for instance, for the thermos with the coffee in if you place the boundary in the inside wall of the glass or the outside wall of the glass and the inside of the thermos, that makes a difference; different heat capacity, etcetera.
比如说，对于装咖啡的热水瓶来说,你把边界设置在瓶胆的内壁上,或者设置在瓶胆外壁上,或设在热水瓶里面，情况都是不一样的;,有不同的热容等等。
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All right, let me just go through one numerical example of a calorimetry calculation, OK.
好，让我们来做一个量热,法计算的例子，我不会把所有的。
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Ordinary heat capacities are in Joule's per Kelvin mole, not kilojoules, right.
一般热容的单位是焦耳每摩,而不是千焦。
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Right? In other words I've got the stoichiometric coefficients in there and the values, and I'm subtracting the reactants from products -1652kJ/mol wind up with minus 1652 kilojoules per mole.
对吧？换句话说这里我用了化学,计量系数和生成热的值，从生成物中减去反应物,最后得到。
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q1 The heat input is just q1, Q and we'll define that as capital Q.
输入的热是，我们把它定义为大写的。
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Now, you can have a change of temperature without any heat being involved.
不进行热量传递也可以改变温度,想象有一个热绝缘的盒子。
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It might suggest that you could convert all the work to heat.
它暗示我们可以把所有的功转化为热,但是热力学第二定律说。
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That great deal of specificity implies that heat is also path-dependent and again we have the convention that if heat is added to the system, the quantity is greater than zero.
热也是与路径有关的,根据通常的习惯,如果我们对系统加热，其符号取为正。
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the zeroth law, which is the common-sense law, which says that if you take a hot object next to a cold object, heat will flow from the hot to the cold in a way that is well defined, and it allows you to define temperature.
上节课我们讨论了，热力学第零定律,这一定律源自常识：如果把一个热的物体,与一个冷的物体挨在一起，热量就会以确定的方式。
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Heat capacity depends on path.
热容是与路径有关的。
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And if I do that then I can find out the change in enthalpy of this reaction. It's just going to be the heat of formation of these three moles of water, minus the heat of formation of the iron oxide. OK.
我就能得到这个,反应的焓的变化,它就是三摩尔水,的生成热，减去氧化铁的,生成热，好。
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We can measure the heat capacity at constant volume, and now we have another term, and if we can figure out how to measure it, we'll have a complete form for this differential du which will enable us to calculate du for any process.
我们能够测量恒定体积下的热容，这里我们有另一项，如果能够知道怎么测量它，问我们就有了这个完整的微分式,就能够对任何过程计算。
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It's just how much heat is involved when we change the temperature. Now, the products have some heat capacity associated with them right, it takes a certain amount of heat if we make their temperature change, to either put it in or take it away, depending on which direction the temperature is changing.
问题就是当我们改变温度时,有多少热量发生了转移,生成物具有一定的热容,如果我们改变,它们的温度，就要输入或,提取一定的热量,这取决于温度改变的方向。
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