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The Latter Prophets are poetic and oracular writings that bear the name of the prophet to whom the writings are ascribed.
后先知书则是诗歌型和神论似的著作,预言家被认为是完成这部作品的人。
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He argued that monotheism and polytheism are so radically distinct that one could not possibly have evolved from the other.
他认为一神论和多神论是截然不同的,不可能是一个由另一个进化而来。
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We posit--or the fans of souls posit-- the existence of souls so as to explain something that needs explaining about us.
我们 或者灵魂论的拥护者们假设,灵魂是存在的,这就能解释一些我们自身不解的东西
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He was seen as a sexual renegade out to destroy the conception of people as good and rational and pure beings.
他被认为是支持性本能论的,其观点试图毁掉,人是善良理性而又纯粹的这一概念。
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We last left the poet in the 1640s. Areopagitica, you'll remember, was written in 1644.
上节课讲到17世纪40年代的诗歌，《论出版自由》,是弥尔顿在1644年写的。
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You'd learn about statistical mechanics, and how the atomistic concepts rationalize thermodynamics.
你会学到在统计力学中，是如何用原子论的概念,阐释热力学的。
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In general, less volatile stocks have done better over time than more volatile stocks, which is somewhat inconsistent with the notion of efficient markets.
一般来说，波动小的股票在长期内比波动大的股票,表现要好，一定程度上,这和金融市场有效论的观点是相悖的。
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That's Spinoza on Machiavelli, because "he was favorable to liberty" and that the book, he says, is kind of a satire on princely rule.
那就是斯宾诺莎对马基雅维利的理解，因为,他推崇自由，而关于《君主论》，他说道，某种程度上是对君主统治的讽刺。
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It might be darkness. It might be spirit. Or in ancient Greek religion, a more sort of philosophical polytheism, it might be fate.
它可以是黑暗，也可以是一种精神，在古希腊的一个，偏向于哲学上多神论的宗教中，它可以是命运。
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Now that by the by that somebody who believes in souls could also accept the personality theory of personal identity.
即使是相信灵魂论的人,也可以接受,人格同一性的人格论。
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But the great question is to keep your mind think about a possibility of the--body theory.
你们应该思考的最重要的问题,是肉体论的可能性。
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And it's that picture of the universe, Kaufman wants to argue, that is challenged by the monotheistic revolution. Again he sees this as a revolution of ancient Israel.
考夫曼提出，正是这个宇宙的大致框架，受到了来自一神论革命的挑战，在考夫曼看来,这是古以色列的一次革命。
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And if the body theory of personal identity " is right, "Well, that would be me."
如果人格同一性的肉体论,是正确的，“那么，那个人就是我“
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All right. So the next question is, is the argument from recollection a good one?
那么下一个问题是,回忆论是否是无懈可击的呢
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If the soul theory of personal identity were right, that would not be me.
如果真如人格同一性的灵魂论所说,那个人就不可能是我。
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And if you believe in souls, you're likely to think same soul as well.
如果你相信灵魂论,你也会认为同样的灵魂是关键。
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Let me just say from the beginning, The Prince is a deceptive book.
我们还必需在一开始即认知到，《君王论》是一本诡诈的作品。
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Polytheism was understood as clearly inferior and primitive.
多神论被普遍认为是落后原始的。
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So Platonic metaphysics gives us premise number one-- that ideas, forms, are eternal and they're non-physical.
柏拉图的形而上学论给了我们前提一,理念或者型相是永恒的,非现实的
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To so many readers it has seemed that Eve is actually quoting Milton's much earlier writing, Areopagitica, in her defense, and it has an incredibly unsettling effect. Evil has to be challenged.
对于很多读者，这似乎是夏娃引用弥尔顿,早期的作品《论出版自由》为自己辩护，这又造成了极大的混乱的影响，恶在这里被挑战了。
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And was the body view when I started arguing a few moments ago that the best version of the body view was the brain view.
我刚才开始讨论的,肉体论最好的版本,是大脑论。
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It can't simply be avoided. This is Eve's and Areopagitica's argument.
这是不可避免的，这是夏娃和《论出版自由》的论点。
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Premise two was the incompatibilist claim that, "Nothing subject to determinism has free will."
前提二是一种不相容论的主张,即,任何遵从决定论的东西,都没有有自由意志
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Let's refine the body view. I've been-- Suggest that the key here-- the idea whether it's the person or not is whether it's the same body.
我们来重新定义肉体论-,假设关键是-,究竟是不是同一个人的关键在于,是不是同样的肉体。
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I think that Milton intends for us to think of the verse in Paradise Lost as he wanted us to think of books in Areopagitica: the lines of Milton's poetry are not absolutely dead things, but they do contain within them a potency of life.
弥尔顿在《论出版自由中》让我们把书看作是肉体,我想他也想让我们这样看待《失乐园》的诗句：,弥尔顿的诗句不是毫无生气的，它们蕴含着生命的潜质。
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All I want to say is the fan of the brain theory you got a brain transplant, what's really happened is somebody else has got a torsel transplant.
我想说的是遵循大脑论,你接受的是大脑移植，但事实是,是另一个人接受了躯干移植。
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The Prince appears, on its surface, to be a most conventional work.
君王论》表面上展现出，是一本最拘于常规的书籍。
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And related to this, he developed the notorious theory of penis envy.
与此有关的是，他提出了,臭名昭著的阴茎嫉妒论。
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