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And then, what they did is they made a map of where the particles scattered once they struck the screen.
他们做的是,绘制粒子每次散射位置的图,每当他们撞击屏幕的时候。
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So, once we figure out what our probability of backscattering is, we'll just raise that to the 1/2, and we'll multiply that by 12 . 20 centimeters.
所以一旦我们,知道了散射概率，我们开根号。
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And, in fact there's a technique of analysis used today that's called Rutherford back scattering where people actually saw that this is a means of identifying the substance, the sample.
事实上这是现在用的一种分析技术,称作卢瑟福背散射,就是人们实际上看到的那样,这是鉴别物质样品的一种方法。
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It's not going to be a backscatter event if your ping-pong ball hits the frame or these strings, or the top part.
打到原子核了就是背散射,如果打到框上。
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We were going to have a clicker slide on how many bounced back but it looks like we're having a little technical difficulty with that.
发生背散射，球被弹回来了的,同学请你们站起来,让我算算。
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I'm going to give you the data set of the scattering angles of the atoms.
我会把,这些原子散射角的数据发给你。
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I know table salt is white, but that is because you have power and you have multiple surfaces scattering, but a large crystal of sodium chloride is clear and colorless.
我知道食用盐是白色的，但这是因为你让它成了粉末,因为有了多个散射面，但是一个大的氯化钠晶体,是无色透明的。
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So, it'll be considered a backscatter event if your ping-pong ball hits one of the nuclei.
什么情况是背散射,如果你们的乒乓球。
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So, what I'll ask is can you stand up if you had your particle bounce back?
有13个背散射,助教们？
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Raise your hand if you don't if you don't have a ping-pong ball yet.
这样就可以算,背散射的概率了。
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For, as Rutherford has shown the assumption of the existence of nuclei, as those in question seems to be necessary in order to account for the results of the experiments on large angle scattering of the alpha rays.
因此卢瑟福,提出了原子核存在的假设，这些关于问题的假设对于,解释阿尔法粒子的,大角度散射是有必要的。
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it looks like we were a little bit successful, I saw some backbouncing.
我看到有些球被背散射了，我们要看看有多少个。
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The scattering is an indication of the nature of the substance.
这种散射,解释出了物质的本性。
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This will we call scattered now.
我们称之为散射。
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But in our case, the probability of backscattering is going to be the number of balls that backscatter, and that's going to be divided by the total number of ping-pong balls.
用20除以132000，但现在背散射,的概率是被散射回来的小球，除以总的小球数,你们记得。
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And we'll ask you to imagine a few things.
这个背散射实验。
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The field is radial.
场是散射状的。
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So, we have the probability here.
除了用背散射球数。
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So, this is called back scattering.
这叫做背散射。
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This is the scattered particle.
这就是散射粒子。
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We know we need to divide by 266, 266 but what we need you to help us with is to figure out this top number here and see how many particles are going to backscatter. So if the TAs can come up and quickly hand out 1 particle to everyone.
知道背散射的概率就可以了，我们知道要除以,但还需要你们来搞清楚,分子上的数是多少，有多少个发生背散射的粒子,助教们请过来,把这些球分给同学们。
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So, introduction, "in order to explain the results of experiments on scattering of alpha rays by matter, Professor Rutherford," and there is a footnote to the Rutherford model.
嗯，绪论，为了解释实验的结果,关于物质的alpha散射，卢瑟福说“,这儿有一个卢瑟福模型的脚注。
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