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And so this household structure becomes very important for the growth and structure and even the theology of Christianity eventually.
所以这种家户结构,对于基督教的发展，结构及神学,有着极其重要的影响。
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So I'll tend to talk about "the Roman household," because that's what's more meaningful sociologically when we talk about this.
所以我倾向于用“罗马家户“,因为这样说，我们讨论这一问题时,更有社会学意义。
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So according to Exodus, this Passover ritual was established on Israel's last night of slavery while the angel of death passed over the dwellings that were marked with blood.
根据《出埃及记》记载，犹太人的逾越节,诞生在犹太人最后一天做奴隶,当死亡天使越过每一户门口有血记号的房子的时候。
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I think it's in part that, suffering from lupus, she was very much confined to her house in Georgia, and the letter writing, this kind of correspondence, was certainly a way for her to keep in contact with the world of readers and other writers and friends.
我想这多少与她，受病痛的折磨有关，受制于病情，她只能呆在,乔治亚州的家里，足不出户，所以写信，必然是她和读者、,其他作家和朋友联系的方式。
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The slaves and the freed persons of a Roman household Familia were legally the ones who were the familia.
一户罗马家庭的奴隶及被释放的自由民,法律上就称为。
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By keeping women under the household of the men of their original family, the upper-class Romans tried to balance these different households in size and importance.
所以女子保留娘家的家户关系，有助于罗马上层阶级,平衡不同家户的规模及地位。
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But most of the free citizens of the Roman Empire, - of Rome, were poor people-- free, and even citizens, but they were poor people who weren't part of any rich household.
但是大多数罗马帝国的自由公民，都是穷人-,他们是自由的，甚至是公民，但都是穷人，不属于富裕家户。
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They wanted there to be some kind of balance of power among the several major households of Rome, the families of Rome.
要在几个重要的罗马家户间,罗马家庭间，保持权利的平衡。
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They did this because they didn't want the upper-class in Rome, who were the elite, they didn't want any one household, or any small group of households, to become too powerful.
因为他们不想罗马的上层阶级，即精英阶层，一户独大。
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Sons and daughters, though, were still part of the household, as long as the paterfamilias was alive.
儿子和女儿。。。,仍是家户的一员，只要家长还健在。
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She remains part of the household of her father, and she's legally under the control of her father probably, or her brothers, if her father is dead; or her grandfather if her grandfather is still alive.
而是她父亲的家户，法律上受她父亲控制，如果她父亲过世，则是她兄弟;,或者她的祖父，如果还健在的话。
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Now when this slave is freed, by the owner, the slave could take the peculium with him, and then he could set up his own business, but he'd still be a client of the owner, because he's still officially part of his household.
等到奴隶关系解除时，他可以拿走那些私产，开始自己的生意，但他仍是主人的被庇护人，因为他仍是家户中的一员。
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For example, I said wives were not really part of their husband's household.
比如，我之前说妻子并不属于丈夫的家户。
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Because legally she's actually not part of this man's household.
因为法律上她不属于这名男子的家户。
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The household structure of a Roman household was this-- and I say "household," because our word "family," which we usually take to mean the biological family: the father, the mother, the children, maybe the grandchildren, maybe the extended family.
罗马人的家户结构是。。。,我用“家户“是因为“家庭“,通常是指有血缘关系的亲人：,父亲，母亲，孩子，可能还有孙辈，大家庭。
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What they cared about-- because the Roman Republic by this time was basically a bunch of very important households, wealthy men and their households, and they were the members of the Senate, they were the knight class, they were the people who ran Rome.
他们在乎的是。。。因为当时的罗马共和国,实际上就是一群举足轻重的家户，富有男子及其家户所组成，他们是元老院成员，是骑士阶级，罗马的统治者。
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So lower-class people--now what happens, though, when you have--see your clients, your freedmen, your sons, your daughters, all these are part of this pyramid structure, and they all benefit from a strong paterfamilias, and he benefits by having a strong household and a large household.
所以低社会阶级的人。。。情况是。。。,你的被庇护人，自由人，儿子，女儿，都属于金字塔结构之一，他们都受益于强大的家长，家长也受益于强大家户。
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The Roman household was constructed like a pyramid.
罗马家户类似金字塔结构。
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And if you have women marrying off into other families, and then they leave the household of their fathers, and they are officially and legally in a household with somebody else, that may end up increasing those households that have intermarriage coming in and not so much intermarriage going out.
如果女子出嫁，就离开父亲家户，法律上正式加入丈夫家户，那么最终有通婚娶入的家户,会逐渐壮大,通婚嫁出的会逐渐减小。
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Why did they want to make sure that the daughters stayed in the households of their fathers?
为什么他们要把女儿,安排在父亲的家户里？
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This will be very important because Christians started out as house churches, and their house churches fit sometimes the model of a Greek ekklesia, an assembly, but sometimes the model of the Roman household.
说它重要是因为,基督教一开始时是家庭教会的形式，这种家庭教会有时符合希腊集会的模型，一种集会，但有时符合罗马家户的模型。
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But this was a legal situation to try to keep this balance of power among households.
但这只是法定情形,以保持家户间权力平衡。
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It actually was originally used for the slaves of a household.
最初是用来指一户人家的奴隶。
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Now slaves obviously are in the paterfamilias.
奴隶属于家长的家户。
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