So one case to think about is what if the other firm, you're Coke, what if Pepsi is pricing below cost?

一种情况是如果另一家公司,假如说你是可口可乐,如果百事可乐定价低于成本怎么办

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Zero profits, I'll make zero profits, so that certainly is a best response, pricing at marginal cost as well.

零利润,我将没有利润,所以这确实是一个最佳对策,也定价在边际成本

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Okay, so now more interestingly, we leave a little gap here, what if the other guy is pricing above costs?

现在更有趣的来了,我们这边留一点空白,如果对手的定价比成本高呢

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Suppose Firm 1 is pricing at marginal cost and Firm 2 is pricing at something higher, a little bit higher.

假设公司1定价在边际成本,公司2定价稍微高点,高一点点

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If the other guy is pricing below costs, you don't want to sell anything, that's the right intuition.

如果另一家公司定价低于成本,你不想卖任何产品,这是正确的经济学直觉

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So the other guy is pricing below costs, the way which I avoid making losses is to set my price above his price.

所以另一家公司定价低于成本,我想要避免损失的方法是,将我的价格设定得比它高

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

There's one other possibility here I've missed which is what if Pepsi prices at marginal cost itself?

这里还缺少一个可能性,即,如果百事定价在边际成本怎么办

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How much profits will I make if I price at marginal cost as well?

如果我定价在边际成本我能获得多少利润

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What do I want to do if the other guy is pricing above costs?

如果对手定价比成本高,我要怎么做

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Firm 1 is pricing at marginal cost, the best response if the other guy is pricing at marginal cost is to price at marginal cost or above.

公司1定价在边际成本,针对对手定价在边际成本的最佳对策,是定价高于或等于边际成本

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Suppose Firm 1 is pricing at marginal cost is this a Nash Equilibrium?

假设公司1定价在边际成本,这是纳什均衡吗

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Let's just make sure we understand this, if the other guy is selling below cost, the only way I can make any sales is to price below his price.

来确认下大家都明白这点,如果另外一家公司定价低于成本,我想卖出产品的唯一方法就是定价比它低

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

You set price below his but above or equal to cost.

你定价比他低但是大于或等于成本

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All right, so if the other guy is pricing above costs, I want to set prices below his so that I steal the whole of the market and make profits on those sales.

正确,如果对手定价比成本高,我就想定价比他的价格低,这样我就可以占领整个市场,并获得销售利润

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Pepsi's pricing below cost, what's your best response?

百事可乐定价低于成本,你的最佳对策是什么

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What if Pepsi prices at marginal cost?

如果百事定价在边际成本怎么办

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Price above that.

定价高于边际成本

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If Firm II is charging C, Then a best response for Firm 1 is to set price equal to marginal costs, and if Firm 1 is pricing at marginal cost, then conversely a best response for Firm 2 is to price at marginal cost.

如果公司2选择了C,公司1的最佳对策是,定价在边际成本,如果公司1定价在边际成本,同样的,公司2的最佳对策,也是定价在边际成本

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