So, African Americans also are biased against African Americans and in favor of white Americans, showing it doesn't reduce to group favoritism though that probably plays a big role.

所以黑人也是,对黑人有偏见,倾向于白人，这样表明组内偏爱,所起的影响并不大。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

Roger Ibbotson took a look at a larger group of funds -3,500--funds over a ten-year period and found survivorship bias at 2.9% per year and backfill bias at 4.6% per year.

罗杰·伊博森研究了更大的样本组,3500支基金10年间的表现,算出其生存偏差是每年2.9%,回填偏差是每年4.6%

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

So we're talking about an experiment when you generate-- Each experiment generates both an x and a y observation and we know when x is high, y also tends to be high, or whether it's the other way around.

这里说的是由试验产生的,每一次试验可以获得一组x与y的观察值,当x值大的时候,y值可能也大,或者相反

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选