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So iron left to own devices in the atmosphere in the presence of a little bit of water, with the water form iron oxide.
铁在大气中，在存在,少量水的条件下，大气会开始与水结合产生氧化铁。
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Whereas under these conditions, these quantities, if you look at free energy change, for example at constant temperature and pressure, H you can still calculate H.
但是，在这些条件下，这些物理量，如果我们考察自由能的变化,例如在恒定的温度和压强下，我们仍然可以计算。
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So perhaps in the relevant sense, the person can still engage in P-functioning, so they're not dead. Good enough.
所以也许在相对的条件下，这个人还有人格功能性，他们还没有死，很好。
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Nationally, home prices in the United States rose 85% between 1997 and 2006 in real terms-- in inflation-corrected terms.
在通货膨胀已校正的条件下,美国房价,在1997 年到2006年之间,实质上上涨了85%
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But you can grow it in cultured cells, and the advantages of that are that you can do this under very reproducible conditions.
而且采用细胞培养疫苗,这种方法的优点是,你可以在同样条件下进行再培养
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Who were the organisms that would survive those conditions and then contribute to the gene pool?
什么生物体可以在那样的条件下存活,这又会导致基因库怎样的改变
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All things being equal, what sort of person if you could be sexually or romantically ? involved with any person, ? who would it be?
在条件一致的情况下，什么人,你会想和怎样的人,发生关系，会是什么人？
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So, marginal land is brought into play with hard work and ingenuity, and this is one of the things that Hanson emphasizes that is so helpful.
那么,边际耕地需要,在一定的生产条件下,生产收益正好足以补偿所需费用的土地,这就是汉森所强调的相当有益的一点
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If every time I get the same acceleration, I'm convinced this is a reliable spring that is somehow producing the same force under the same condition.
如果每次都能得到相同的加速度,这个弹簧的可靠性就能令人信服,即它在相同的条件下能够产生相等的力
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We know that if these players play these games, at least if we believe in Nash Equilibrium, then they're gonna produce these quantities, they're going to produce here.
我们知道如果这些参与人进行博弈,至少我觉得在纳什均衡条件下,他们会安排这样的产量
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In those cases, though, you'd have quite a reasonable equilibrium, spontaneously that is there would be a lot of reaction that went if you simply started under practical conditions and let it go.
你也会得到平衡，尽管在这种情况下你得到了一个,自发的，合理的平衡,这是在正常条件下进行的,许多化学反应的情况。
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So we can now take this expression and rewrite it under the condition of du is equal to zero.
我们利用这个公式,并在du=0的条件下将它重写。
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You just change volume to pressure and basically you're looking at enthalpy under a constant -- anything that's done at a constant volume path with energy, there's the same thing happening under constant pressure path for enthalpy.
可以看到这就是把体积换成了压强,一般我们都是在一种恒定状态下,考虑焓的，任何在恒容条件下,能伴随能量变化的东西，也在恒压条件下伴随焓同样地变化,所以你可以经常。
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Much easier to keep a flask of cells under very sterile, very reproducible conditions than it is to keep a small animal, right?
保存一小瓶细胞,该细胞可在无菌条件下再生,这要比保存小动物容易的多
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Well, I think actually, you probably could tell a story where that was true, especially if we throw in enough doses of memory loss.
我想，实际上，这也许行得通，尤其是在引入失记的条件下。
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The fewer feet, the more likely a romantic relationship, all other things being equal.
离得越近，越可能发展恋情，在其他条件一样的情况下。
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That's only going to be true if dying as a joint undertaking is impossible.
这只能在共同死亡是不可能的条件下才是真的。
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The question is, "If you're naturally exposed to antigen wouldn't this happen anyway?"
她的问题是,在自然条件下,如果接触某种抗原,那么就是否就不发生二次免疫
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How many moles of gas are there in each case, in reactants and products? If that changes, of course you know that the pressure in there is going to change at constant volume if the amount of gas in there is changing.
在反应物和生成物中，各有多少摩尔的气体？,如果它发生了变化,当然在等体条件下，如果气体的总量,发生了变化，压强也会发生变化。
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And it's still adiabatic, but now it's constant volume. And it's also reversal right.
它仍然是绝热的，但现在是,在等体条件下，它也是可逆的。
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Could be done, but easier is to just do the whole thing at constant volume, right, and just run the reaction that way and redo the calculation to be a constant volume rather than constant pressure calorimeter, right.
可以进行测量,但是如果在体积恒定的条件下,做这些会容易得多,还是这样进行反应,但是在等体而不是恒压条件下重新计算。
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Everybody who dies awake,realizing that they're dying, facing the fact that they're dying, they all,we all of whom that's true, we all die alone,as long as we realize we're dying.
每个人在清醒着，意识到自己死亡的情况下，面对自己死亡这个事实，我们所有人，在意识到自己死亡的条件下，都是孤独的死去。
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Now, you know with constant volume, H now it's not going to be delta H that's U straightforward to measure, it's going to be dealt u, all right.
好，现在你们知道在体积恒定的条件下，我们得到的不是Δ,我们直接测量到的是Δ,好，但这基本上也是一样的。
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That tells us the direction of spontaneous change for ordinary processes, chemical processes, mixing and you name it, under conditions that are easy to achieve in the lab.
这个物理量告诉我们在实验室,能够实现的条件下通常的过程，化学过程，混合以及你所能想到的过程，自发进行的方向。
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And again there, too, you saw an experimental result you were presented with that says, well at least to the extent that it could be measured, it was obviously getting very small.
再一次，你看到了一个,你经知道的实结果，至少在实验测量的范围内，对理想气体条件下的气体这一项很小。
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So I just want to use that again and again, starting from that, for various different sorts of conditions andderive the criterion for equilibrium in each set of conditions.
所以我将会一遍又一遍地使用这个公式，从这个公式出发，在各种条件了,推导出,任意条件下的平衡条件。
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And I didn't specify the conditions, but if we were to do this under ordinary chemical conditions of some, you'd say room temperature and pressure, right, they all happen spontaneously.
我并没有特别说明反应条件，但是如果我们在通常的化学条件下,实现这些化学反应，比如在室温和大气压下下，他们都是自发的。
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There's our condition for equilibrium at constant temperature and pressure.
这就是我们在,恒定温度和压强下的平衡条件。
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One of the things that estrogen does when cells are exposed to estrogen is that certain genes get turned on that weren't turned on in the estrogen-free state.
雌激素的功能是,当细胞所处环境中有雌激素时,一些在雌激素不存在的条件下,无法表达基因就能够表达
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They learn to run a maze faster and faster when they're regularly rewarded but they also learn to run a maze faster and faster if they are not rewarded at all.
在不断得到奖励的条件下,白鼠跑出迷津的速度越来越快,但在完全不予奖励的条件下,白鼠依然能越来越快的跑出迷津。
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