There are hereditary principalities, like those currently run by Lorenzo, which acquire their authority through tradition and hereditary bloodlines.

第一种是世袭君权，像是由罗伦佐所掌管的候国，其威信的获得,来自传统与世袭血源。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

In one sense, the Republic, and I've given some indications of this today, seems to be the most anti-democratic book ever written.

从某方面看来，《理想国》,与我今天所谈到的一些迹象看来，似乎是有史以来,最反民主的书。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

Even the development of this theory of absolute rule is in response to the rise of these territorial states like Spain, and France, and Russia later.

绝对主义理论的发展,是与领土国的兴起相呼应,像西班牙,法国,以及后来的俄国

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The institutional and educational requirements of Plato's Republic share many features with a place like Yale.

柏拉图《理想国》的制度,与教育条件特色,有许多方面和耶鲁是共通的。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

Just as we cannot be friends with all persons, so the city cannot be friends with all other cities or the state with all other states.

就像我们不能与所有的人做朋友，城市间也不行,国与国之间更不用说。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

The allusion to Aristophanes and the comic poet is a part of what Plato calls in Book X of the Republic the old quarrel between philosophy and poetry.

提及亚里斯多芬尼斯,是柏拉图《理想国》第10卷中所述,哲学与诗学长时争论的一部份,这项争论亦是柏拉图辩证的主体。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

Spiritedness is the central, psychological quality of the Republic.

意志是《理想国》的核心，与精神质量。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

And this universality was given expression in Dante's famous treatise, De Monarchia, of monarchy, that set out a model for a universal Christian state, based on the unity and oneness of the human race under a Christian ruler.

而这种特性可追溯,至但丁的著名论述《论王权》,探讨君主政权,这设定了一种普遍基督国的模式，根据统一,与独一的人种皆受基督王权的统治。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

Yet, in many respects, if the Republic was the result of comprehensive despair and disillusionment with the prospects of reform, the dialogue itself points back to an earlier moment in Plato's life and the life of the city of Athens.

从很多方面看来，如果《理想国》,是对改革前景,全面失望与醒悟的结果，则对话本身便指明了,柏拉图的早年生活,以及雅典的早期生活。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选