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And according to Klawans and others, ritual impurity arises from physical substances and states which are not in themselves sinful.
据克洛文和其他人所说，仪式的不洁是由自身有罪的,物质和状态引起的。
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And you can interact with the complement, the passive visualizations in a very nice way.
你可以和物质进行互动,和被动型直观化里的物质,完美地互动。
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You need a functional form that connects the value at one state of matter, the freezing point of water to another phase change, the boiling point of water.
你需要一个函数形式来,连接物质某个态对应的温度值，如水的冰点，和另一个相变,如水的沸点。
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But we've expanded the list of goods so it includes external goods and not only experiential or internal goods.
但是我们扩展了美好事物的定义,所以它包括物质方面的美好事物,而不仅是经验和内心方面的美好感受。
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The plants can be deficient in certain things, especially fat soluble vitamins that come from meat and from essential amino acids.
植物中缺乏某些物质,特别是脂溶性维生素,那些只能从肉类和必需氨基酸中获得
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So up to this point, before it was really established that yes, light is like a particle sometimes, there was this very strong distinction between what is light and what is matter.
所以关于这个观点，在它被真正确立之前，光有时候像粒子，在什么是光和什么是物质之间,有一个非常巨大的区别。
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It vaults the very concrete materiality, the physicality, of these characters and their circumstances.
这很具体地托起了，这些角色及其环境的物质性,和有血有肉的实在感。
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Notice in that sentence, he uses those Aristotelian terms, " "form" and "matter" that we spoke about in relation to the Aristotelian regime.
注意看这个句子，他使用那些亚里士多德式的词汇，“形式“和，“物质,那是在谈亚里士多德式政体时所见的词汇。
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Again, notice how bodily, how material and physical Yeats's images of human energy are.
注意叶芝诗里人类能量,多和肉体物质相关的。
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Because it was precisely because of this one world, run by the Romans and maintained by the Romans, that allowed the spread of Christianity, to a great extent, both ideologically and thought-wise, as well as simply physically.
因为正是由罗马人统治维持的，这个统一的世界，给予基督教在大范围面积内广为传播的机会，不仅是在意识形态和智慧方面，还有物质条件方面。
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Once they have it, and they plant permanent crops, that changes the whole basis of society and the values, and the attitudes that go with it.
一旦他们拥有了土地,他们会栽种长期作物,这就改变了整个社会的物质基础和价值观,以及处理这种问题时的态度
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So, its genetic material wouldn't be released and even if it was released, the genetic material is also cross-linked, and so it can't be transcribed and translated or replicated.
不能释放遗传物质,而且即使能释放遗传物质,该物质也是交联的,因此转录和翻译,即复制过程不能进行
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These new thirteenth century settlements, however, are in their material culture, that is to say their pots and their jars and their houses, entirely Canaanite.
然而这是十三世纪的新定居点，这是在他们的物质文化中，也就是说,他们的锅，陶罐和房屋都是迦南式的。
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What de Broglie is saying we can know the wavelength of any matter at all, as long as we know its mass and it's velocity.
通过德布罗意所说的,只要我们知道了,它的质量和速度，我们可以知道,任何物质的波长。
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And they can watch to see what happens in terms of their interaction with the environment.
观察发生了什么,关于这些物质,和环境的互动。
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And what de Broglie said is well, if it's true that light, which has a wavelength can have momentum, then it must also be true that matter, which has momentum, also has a wavelength.
德布罗意说的是，如果光具有波长和动量是对的,那么物质具有动量和波长,也一定是对的。
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People need fat, and they need sugar, and they need variety--at least what their brain thinks.
人类需要脂肪和糖类,需要各种物质,至少大脑是这么认为的
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So gods have power only insofar as they are connected with that primordial world "stuff," a technical term that I use throughout this lecture! That means that magic is possible in such a system.
因此，众神只有在和这个原始世界的“物质“,有联系时，才会有神力，整堂课上我都会用到,“物质“这个词，这就意味着奇幻的事有可能发生。
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Two substances, blood and water.
两种物质血液和水。
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And so, Descartes' attempt to establish the distinctness of the mind, the immateriality of the mind, on the basis of this Cartesian thought experiment, I think that's unsuccessful.
所以,笛卡尔试图,用他的卡式思想实验来证明,心灵的独立存在性,和非物质性,我认为这种尝试是失败的
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After that, we'll move on to matter as a wave, and then the Schrodinger equation, which is actually a wave equation that describes the behavior of particles by taking into account the fact that matter also has these wave-like properties.
之后，我们会转移到物质，是一种波的话题和薛定谔方程，薛定谔方程是描述粒子,在考虑物质的波动性质后,的行为的方程。
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We show particles interacting with the colon collisions.
我们想表现物质和冷却剂的,互动过程。
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And the reason that quantum mechanics is going to work where classical mechanics fails is that classical mechanics did not take into account the fact that matter has both wave-like and particle-like properties, and light has both wave-like and particle-like properties.
上发生的行为,量子力学得以成功,而经典力学却失败的原因,是因为经典力学,不能包容物质的，波动性和粒子性,和光的波动性和粒子性。
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So Klawans notes in the article you read that the physical substances and states that are labeled impure and are therefore designated as antithetical to the realm of holiness are states that are associated with death on the one hand, and procreation on the other. Why should this be?
克洛文对你们现在读到的文章有过这样的说明,那些被贴上不洁标签,然后被认为和神圣的领域相对立的物质和状态,一方面来说都和死亡有关系，而另一方面和生殖有关，这是怎么回事呢？
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The cardiovascular system, which is the heart and the blood vessels which are responsible for and the blood and so this is responsible for moving blood around the body and the blood brings oxygen and nutrients to every part of the body, you know that.
心血管系统,包括心脏和血管,主要负责输送血液,即心血管系统负责将血液送至全身,血液会带着氧气和营养物质,到身体的每一个部分,你懂的
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And they had this feeling because there had just been this huge boon of discovery, of scientific advances that included Newtonian mechanics, it included Dalton's atomic theory of matter, also thermodynamics and classical electromagnetism.
他们会有这样的感觉,是因为他们刚，经历科学上的,大繁荣期，包括牛顿力学,道尔顿物质原子理论，热力学和电磁学,都取得了巨大进展。
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But because in many cases we can reasonably either model or measure equations of state, collect data for a material for its temperature, pressure, volume relations, then in fact if we can relate all these quantities to those then in fact we really can calculate essentially all of the thermodynamics. For the material.
但是因为在很多情况下,我们能够合理的给出状态方程的模型,或者通过收集一个物质的，温度，压强和体积之间的关系,来测量其状态方程，所以实际上我们可以给出压强等物理量,和热力学势之间的关系,并计算出所有的热力学势，对于给定的物质。
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The institutions and the ideas therefore, that provide for freedom and improvement in the material conditions of life, cannot take root and flourish without an understanding of how they came about and what challenges they have had to surmount.
故此,这些机制和理念,为物质生活条件的自由和改善,提供了基础,但在不知道其根源且,无法预料的挑战之前,机制和理念是不可能扎根的
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