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There are also texts that are going to object to alliances with any foreign king, or subservience to any foreign king, whether it's Egypt or Assyria or Babylonia.
也有的文本会反对,结盟，或者附属于任何外国的君主,无论是埃及，亚述，还是巴比伦的国王。
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He was responsible for writing the first justification for an armed rebellion against a legitimate monarch, the first to publish such a work in, essentially, all of Europe.
他是第一个为反对合法君主的武装叛乱,写辩护书的人，也是第一个在全欧洲将其发表的人。
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For the most part, they are rather impersonal and anonymous and that is in many ways the characteristic of Hobbes' sovereign.
就大多数而言，他们只是公众眼里的无名氏,这才是霍布斯眼里,君主应当具有的特性。
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Freedom was threatened in early modern times by the emergence of monarchies that might have been able to crush it.
自由权利在近现代初期曾因为,君主制的兴起,而处于被毁灭的边缘
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They throw heraldry, they throw every kind of vestige of Old World culture and monarchy and aristocracy and civilization.
他们抛掉了世代相传的家徽,抛掉一切来自旧文明,和旧君主政体的痕迹,抛掉了贵族政治和文明
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It is being written and redacted at a time when there is a king in Israel, there have been kings in Israel, and it is providing laws for the construction of an ideal monarchy.
它是在以色列有国王的时候写成并编辑的，以色列曾有过国王，它为建立君主理念提供了律法。
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It replaces the nobility,the local nobles, it replaces the church, and it replaces the monarchy that most people in France did not want.
它代替了贵族阶级,地方贵族,代替了教会,代替了大多法国人所不想要的君主制
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People are happy to have a monarch back who is going to reassert control.
人们乐于看到君主的复辟
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Sovereign is to have supreme command over life and death, war and peace, what is to be taught and heard.
君主对人的生死，和平或是战争,均拥有至高无上的权力，其他人等只有服从命令。
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Milton brings to his critique of rhyme that same -- and this is familiar - the same political rhetoric that he had brought to his critique of monarchy in the regicide treatises.
弥尔顿对押韵的批判与他--这很相似,-与他在为弑君辩护的文章中,对君主政权的政治批判很相似。
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Their autonomy was assisted by the continuing struggle between popes and Emperors, between church and state, again, a thoroughly unique Western experience.
他们的自治权是在君主和教皇的争斗中,国家与教堂的战争中促成的,这又是一次西方文明独特的经历
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The sovereign is, for Hobbes, the artificially reconstructed will of the people in the person of their representative.
君主制是，人民意志的体现,人民以共同意志推选出代表。
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It is the people who endow the sovereign with the authority to represent them on their behalf.
他认为，君主的权力是人民赋予给他的,让其代表广大的人民,并维护人民的利益。
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Milton refuses the state of splendid vassalage to a kingly poet likeHomer.
弥尔顿拒绝成为具有君主地位诗人荷马的附属。
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The key line in the society of the Dark Ages appears to be certainly not between monarchy and everybody else, but between nobility and commoners.
黑暗时代的社会中,最重要的主线,显然不是君主阶级和平民们之间,而是贵族和平民之间
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There's a strong tradition in Nime, one of my favorite places,of popular Royalism, and also of course in Brittany -- I keep giving Breton examples, I'll pick other ones.
尼姆当地有很强的君主主义信仰,它是我很喜欢的一个地方,当然还有在布列尼塔,我一直拿布里多尼举例子,等会儿换一个
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Was he a defender of royalism ? and the power of the king, ? or was he a defender or an opponent of royalism?
他是君主主义,是君主力量的捍卫者吗，或者他是反对君主力量的捍卫者吗？
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You find that the tombs of noblemen are very much the same one as the other.
你会发现君主们的棺木,和普通人的没有什么差别
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The sovereign is not the direct expression of my will or your will, but rather an abstraction from my natural desire to rule myself.
君主制不是对我的，或者你的意志的直接表达,不如说是一种抽象概念,是源于自己统治自己的自然愿望。
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Why do you get rid of a kingdom? Why would you get rid a king?
为什么要抛弃那样的君主,那样的王国呢
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Hobbes derives the very power of the sovereign from the natural right of each individual to do as they like in the state of nature.
他认为君主的权力源自于,人民原本在自然社会中,能自由行使的个人权力。
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The sovereign and, again, this is crucial, is for Hobbes, the representative of the people.
霍布斯还认为君主就是人民的代表，也是一个国家主权的象征。
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Machiavelli said in that famous chapter 25, that the prince, if he is lucky, will master fortuna about half the time, only about 50% of the time.
马基雅维利在有名的第25章里说，君主，如果他幸运的话，可以在一半的时间里掌握命运，仅仅是50%的时间。
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Machiavelli speaks of the prince, while Hobbes speaks of the sovereign, that is a kind of impersonal or in Hobbes' language, artificial power created out of a contract.
马基雅维利探讨君主，而霍布斯则探讨主权，这算是不受个人感情影响的，在霍布斯的说法里，君主的权力是由契约产生的。
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This is sometimes known as the doctrine of legal positivism, which is to say that law is the command of the sovereign, a sort of command theory of law.
这就是人们所熟知的,法律实证主义学说,也即，法律即为君主的命令，这是法律的一种君权命令说。
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In a sense, the core of Hobbes' theory of sovereignty can be boiled down to the statement that the sovereign and only the sovereign is the source of law.
从一定意义上讲,霍布斯对国家权力的核心观点,可以概述为,君主，而且只有君主,是法律效力的唯一源泉。
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It is fitting and proper that The Prince concludes, the last chapter, chapter 26, concludes with a patriotic call to his countrymen to emancipate themselves and liberate Italy from foreign invaders.
在《君主论》的最后一章，第二十六章中，的总结是适宜而恰当的，在总结中,他号召他的同胞们为了他们自己的自由,以及使意大利摆脱外国奴役而奋斗。
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It was possible to imagine life without a king.
其民众却还能够设想一个没有君主的社会
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That's Spinoza on Machiavelli, because "he was favorable to liberty" and that the book, he says, is kind of a satire on princely rule.
那就是斯宾诺莎对马基雅维利的理解，因为,他推崇自由，而关于《君主论》，他说道，某种程度上是对君主统治的讽刺。
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But the power to control or the power of law for Hobbes also very much applies and here is one of his most controversial doctrines.
对霍布斯而言，君主权力和法律效力,都应当是因人而异的,下面是他最有争议的一项学说。
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