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When we have an isolated system, the criterion that determineswhether something happens spontaneously is the entropy has to increase.
对于孤立系统,决定一个过程是否自发发生的判据为：,熵必须增加。
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And so what this gave us was a very, very useful general criterion for determining whether something happened spontaneously.
这个告诉我们的是一个,非常非常一般的判据,他能帮助我们判断一个过程是否自发进行。
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In the case here, tha t I just illustrated with the little cart going down the valley, would be exactly the same with regular energy, the equilibrium state is one of lowest energy, right.
在现在所考虑的情况下,我刚才所描述的小车沿着山谷下行，结论会像能量判据一样，平衡态是能量最低的态。
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So we now have a real usable criterion to help guide our understanding of whether things happen by themselves of their own accord or not.
所以我们找到了一个非常有用的判据,这个判据能够指导我们,弄明白变化是否,是自发发生的。
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So first, let's start with the one that we already know, and make sure that it still works, starting from here, mainly our isolated system.
首先，我们从我们已知的一个例子入手，看看这个判据是否正确，从绝热系统出发。
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All right, well, there's our equilibrium criterion.
这是我们的平衡判据。
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In other words, we need criteria for equilibrium under more general conditions than the ones that we've dealt with so far, than the one set of conditions that we've dealt with so far, which is isolated system.
换句话说,相比我们目前为止,考虑和处理的问题，我们需要更一般条件下平衡的判据,我们目前，只考虑了孤立系统。
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All these things though are incredibly practical, useful criteria.
尽管这些物理量,都是很实用判据。
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So we could write that criterion as dH less than zero.
我们可以认为dH小于零即为我们的判据。
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