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This is a signal - this passing of phosphorous - is a signal that's used very frequently in intracellular communication.
这是一种信号,一种通过磷酸来传递的信号,这种信号在细胞内通讯时经常被用到
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They often involve the generation of what are called 'second messenger' molecules which carry the signal further into the cell.
过程中通常会生成一种叫做,第二信使的分子,将信号更深入地传递至细胞内部
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This densely tangled thicket of clustered consonants in this amazing couplet is a signal to us of the weight, of the import, of this terrible event.
这个密集杂乱的灌木丛,在这个对句中，弥尔顿给我们传递出一个信号，在这个可怕的事件中。
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There are sensory neurons, which take information from the world so as you see me, for instance, there are neurons firing from your retina sending signals to your brain.
感觉神经元,负责收集外界信息,比如,当你看到我的时候,视网膜上的神经元会产生神经冲动,将刺激信号传递到你的大脑
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And then deliver those computer signals either to guide the computer cursor on the screen or onto robotic arm to move the arm or perhaps even muscle stimulators to re-animate the paralyzed arm.
然后传递这些计算机信号,操控电脑屏上的光标,或者机器人手臂来活动手臂,或者甚至可能肌肉刺激器来让瘫痪的手臂重新动起来。
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That's what's illustrated here with the end result being that there's some change in the life of the cell.
这里显示的是,在信号放大传递后,细胞内发生的变化
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The signal comes in the form of molecules which we're going to call throughout the lecture here 'ligands'.
信号通常以分子的形式来传递,在这门课里我们把这种分子叫做配体
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An example of that is, of course, insulin which is produced by cells of the pancreas and acts on cells all over the body.
这种信号传递的例子,就是胰脏细胞产生的胰岛素,作用于全身各处的细胞
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All of them could potentially be receiving signals from a ligand or a chemical.
它们全都能接收,由配体或某种化学物质传递的信号
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Many neurotransmitters that carry signals between neurons in your brain work this way.
在脑部神经元细胞中,传递信号的神经递质分子的,作用原理就是如此
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How do cells pass the signal from themselves to the next cell?
细胞怎样将信号传递给下一个细胞
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Now, how they carry signals is that these neurotransmitters act as ligands.
它们传递信号的原理如下,神经递质作为一种配体
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The nervous system does the same thing in a different way.
神经系统也传递信号,但原理有所不同
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The nervous system, the endocrine system which we'll start talking about a little bit today is the system that's responsible for sending signals back and forth between tissues of your body.
还有神经系统,和我们今天将要提到的内分泌系统,内分泌系统主要负责,在体内各组织之间传递信号
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So action potentials are used by tissues in different ways to send signals from one cell to another or from one end of one cell to another end of the cell.
所以组织以不同的方式利用动作电位,将信号从一个细胞传递到另一个细胞,或从一个神经末梢到另一个神经末梢
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Sometimes signals are transmitted between cells by cell/cell contact.
有时细胞与细胞靠互相接触进行信号传递
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Endocrine are signals that get carried through the blood system.
内分泌系统的信号通过血液来传递
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A reaction performed by one enzyme creates a product that stimulates another enzyme that creates a product, and stimulates another enzyme, and through this cascade of reactions you amplify and carry the signal forward.
一种酶催化生成的产物会活化另一种酶,而它催化的产物又能激活其他酶,催化反应生成另一种产物,通过这层层反应,信号被放大,并不断向前传递
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One is that there's a physical space in between the two cells, so the axon of what's called the pre-synaptic neuron, or the neuron that's bringing a signal into the synapse, the axon terminal is physically separated from the dendrite of the next cell.
一是两个细胞间有一定的物理空间,所谓的突触前神经元,也就是将信号传递到突触的神经元的,轴突的末梢,同下一个细胞的树突间被物理性分离开
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Cells share signals with each other, and that leads to activation of a specific cell population if we're thinking about a vaccine that produces antibodies, that leads to activation of B-cells, immature B-cells, which do two things.
细胞与细胞之间存在信号传递,而这将激活特定的细胞群体,如果是一些能够产生抗体的疫苗,抗体将会激活B淋巴细胞,幼B淋巴细胞,使其发生两种变化
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