In other words, lower the amount insured below the actual value of the house to prevent moral hazard.

换句话说，将房屋的保险价值低估于其实际价值,以此来防范道德风险。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Whole life" is more complicated because it builds a cash value according to a schedule and there is both non-participating and participating.

终身人寿保险则更为复杂,因为它会按照购买计划产生现金价值,其中又分为非参与式分红保险和,参与式分红保险两种

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Then, the value of the subprime loans that the municipal bond insurers own starts to go down.

接着,市政债券保险公司,持有的次级贷款价值开始下跌

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

With non-participating--with participating, you are participating in the portfolio outcome that the insurance company is experiencing, so you have some uncertainty about your cash value.

所谓参与式分红保险,是指你的收益来自某个投资组合收益,而这个投资组合是由保险公司来管理的,所以保单的现金价值是不确定的

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Now, how can the insurance company ever evaluate every house properly to avoid that?

如今，保险公司是如何准确评估,每一个房屋的价值而避免那种情况呢？

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

They said, it's not going to work because you have to decide how much the house is insured for and then anybody--If you ever make a mistake and you insure it for too much, then the people who realize they've got one on the insurance company-- they've insured the house for more than it's worth-- they'll burn down their house and collect the money.

他们说，火险根本无法实施,因为你必须判断,这房子的保价是多少,一旦你出现了一些失误,保价评估得过高，那些意识到他们可能会从,保险公司赚利的人们-,即保险公司的保价高于房子的实际价值-,他们就会烧掉自己的房子来赚钱。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选