Technical skills are shown to be more important at lower management levels, where supervisors must deal with concrete problems.
技术技能在较低层次的管理层中比较重要，这个层次的管理者必须处理具体的问题。
PUM is less expensive, lower management require and faster to implement than VERP, which is more in line with the actual management status of nature reserves.
经分析，PUM方法较VERP而言能够减少资金投入、缩短评估周期以及降低对管理者的要求，更符合我国自然保护区管理实际。
Decentralized structure includes few management levels, decision-making authority is allocated to lower management and management scope is wider so it shows a flat type structure.
分权型结构包含更少的管理层，并将决策权分配到较低的层级，从而具有较宽的管理幅度并呈现出扁平型结构。
Lower management fees may not cover their fixed costs, such as salaries, accommodation and IT.
较低的管理费用可能不能维持他们的固定成本，比如工资、租金和信息服务费用。
Lower management fees may not cover their fixed costs, such as salaries, accommodation and IT.
较低的管理费用可能不能维持他们的固定成本，比如工资、租金和信息服务费用。
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