Technical skills are shown to be more important at lower management levels, where supervisors must deal with concrete problems.

技术技能在较低层次的管理层中比较重要，这个层次的管理者必须处理具体的问题。

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PUM is less expensive, lower management require and faster to implement than VERP, which is more in line with the actual management status of nature reserves.

经分析，PUM方法较VERP而言能够减少资金投入、缩短评估周期以及降低对管理者的要求，更符合我国自然保护区管理实际。

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Decentralized structure includes few management levels, decision-making authority is allocated to lower management and management scope is wider so it shows a flat type structure.

分权型结构包含更少的管理层，并将决策权分配到较低的层级，从而具有较宽的管理幅度并呈现出扁平型结构。

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They objected when management tried to lower their pay.

VOA: special.2009.07.13

These do not try to outperform the stockmarket, but instead track a broad market index, saving costs and charging lower management fees.

ECONOMIST: Moneyed men in institutions | The

Aside from what it says is a lower purchase price, Cisco hopes to sell the ASA 5500 boxes on the basis of lower management costs.

FORBES: Cisco Tightens The Net

This randomized, controlled study showed that Medicaid coverage generated no significant improvements in measured physical health outcomes in the first 2 years, but it did increase use of health care services, raise rates of diabetes detection and management, lower rates of depression, and reduce financial strain.

FORBES: Oregon Health Experiment Shows That Having Health Insurance Is Different Than Being Healthy