Why does formal credit fail to reach the poor?
为什么穷人不能使用正规的信贷？
Farmers' Specialized Cooperative; Formal credit availability; Borrow money; Zhejiang Province.
农民专业合作社；正规信贷可获得性；资金借贷；浙江省。
Therefore, this paper analyzes the influence of the formal credit needs and the application behavior on formal supply of credit.
因此，本文重点分析了农户正规信贷需求与申请行为对于正规信贷供给的影响。
Before the birth of the formal financial institutions, finance in the human economic activity mainly depended on informal credit.
在正规的金融机构诞生之前，人类经济活动中的资金融通几乎全部依赖于民间性质的借贷来解决。
As members make small, regular payments into a common pot from which they take turns to borrow, they are also able to develop a formal credit history.
小组成员定期向共有的总账户存入小笔金额，他们再轮流向总账户借钱。通过这种方式，他们便有了正式的信贷记录。
Combination of the two impacts leads to that farmers' formal credit availability is not decided by the screening mechanism of formal financial institutions, but mainly by the farmers' own choice.
两种情况的综合作用最终导致农户正规信贷的可得性并不是正规金融机构筛选机制的甄别结果，而主要是由农户的行为选择所决定的。
Firms that operate in the formal sector can have, in principle, better access to credit.
他说：“正式部门中的企业从原则上来说更容易获得信贷。”
Mobile money also provides a stepping stone to formal financial services for the billions of people who lack access to savings accounts, credit and insurance.
对于几十亿无法享受储蓄、信用和保险业务的人来说，移动货币帮助他们获得正规的金融服务。
They mostly have jobs in the formal economy, which also brings access to credit, and probably own a car or a motorbike.
这些中产阶层通常在正常的经济环境里有工作，而因此有信用，他们可能还拥有汽车或摩托车。
Some “new” loans also represent a shift to the formal banking sector from off-balance sheet vehicles and from the informal loan market which flourished when credit quotas were in place.
一些“新”借贷也显示了从资产负债表外媒介和非正式借贷市场到正规银行部门的转化，而前者在信贷规模形成的时候非常流行。
Without making any formal declaration, since early September the Fed has expanded its balance-sheet rapidly to counter the credit crunch.
未做任何正式声明，Fed已自9月初起迅速扩张其资产规模，以求对抗信贷紧缩。
Community Service Learning (CSL) : CSL refers to a formal university program through which volunteer work is part of a credit-bearing university course.
社区服务实践学习：这也是正规大学课程项目，它把志愿工作纳入提供学分的课程之中。
Some "new" loans also represent a shift to the formal banking sector from off-balance sheet vehicles and from the informal loan market which flourished when credit quotas were in place.
一些“新增”贷款是由表外款项部门和非正规贷款市场（当信贷限制还存在时这个市场异常繁荣）向正规借贷部门转移造成的。
Rural credit cooperatives (RCCs) gain a quasi monopolistic position in formal rural financial market.
农村信用社在农村正式金融市场获得了准垄断地位。
Any other bank requested to transfer this credit, must seek the permission of the issuing bank by authenticated message. This permission, if granted, will be by way of a formal amendment.
其它任何银行要求转让本信用证都必须通过鉴定性文书获得开证行的批准，一旦获得批准，将作为一个正式的修正条款。
In the current rural credit markets, rural credit cooperatives as the main body of the formal financial and personal loans as the informal financial constitute the supply side of credit.
在目前的农村信贷市场上，以农村信用社为主的正规金融和私人借贷等非正规金融构成了信贷的供给方。
In the current rural credit markets, rural credit cooperatives as the main body of the formal financial and personal loans as the informal financial constitute the supply side of credit.
在目前的农村信贷市场上，以农村信用社为主的正规金融和私人借贷等非正规金融构成了信贷的供给方。
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