许多神经递质首先通过增加靶神经元中的循环AMP浓度来发挥其作用。
A number of neurotransmitters exert their effects by first increasing cyclic AMP concentrations in target neurons.
嗅觉一直是我们的感官中受到了解最少的，直到最近，耶鲁大学的戈登·谢泼德领导的神经科学研究才开始揭示它是如何发挥作用的。
Smell has been the most poorly understood of our senses, and only recently has neuroscience, led by Yale University's Gordon Shepherd, begun to shed light on its workings.
这项研究的目的是研究电刺激足小神经核的作用
The purpose of this study was to research the effect of the electrical stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus
虽然今天的硅片网络看上去和大脑并没有任何相似之处，但是网络节点已开始发挥类似神经元的作用。
And though silicon networks today look nothing like the brain, nodes of the net have begun to function as neuron.
小鼠在胚胎发育时，胎脑中波浪式信号的作用就是把神经系统连接起来，以便相邻的脑区映射到相邻的身体部位。
Such wave signaling in mice brains plays a role in wiring the nervous system during development so that adjacent brain regions correspond to adjacent body parts.
已有研究表明：烟酸参与dna的合成和修复，还在神经细胞间的信息传递中发挥作用。
Other studies have shown that it helps in the synthesis and repair of DNA and that it plays a role in signaling between nerve cells.
重要的是，我们已经看到了，在大脑中勇气在起作用，而我们每个人都有同样的基本神经构成。
What matters is that we have seen courage at work in the brain, and we all have the same basic neural equipment.
这些在老鼠身上开展的研究与我们已然知晓的触觉在神经生长中的作用相符合。
These rat studies square with what we already know about the role of touch in neurological development.
研究人员确信，它通过对中枢神经系统中的作用来减轻疼痛。
It is believed to decrease pain through its actions in the central nervous system.
在动机和奖励行为中有重要作用的神经传递多巴胺也与腹侧纹状体有关。
The neurotransmitter dopamine, which is important in motivation and reward, also plays a role in the ventral striatum.
但这种痛觉只是我们混乱的神经受体产生的一种虚幻作用，辛辣食物根本不热。
But that pain is just an illusory side-effect of our confused neural receptors. There is nothing "hot" about spicy food.
黑色素同时还在某些视神经的发育过程中发挥作用。所有类型的白化病都会在眼睛的发育和功能上引发问题。
Melanin also plays a role in the development of certain optical nerves. All forms of albinism cause problems with the development and function of the eyes.
黑色素同时还在某些视神经的发育过程中发挥作用。
Melanin also plays a role in the development of certain optical nerves.
早前的研究大多关注于突触的作用，而突触是神经元通讯的纽带。
Previous research has focused on the role of synapses — the connections through which neurons communicate.
“银汞合金含有汞，对于成长中的儿童和胎儿的神经系统具有神经毒性作用，”这一段陈述已被加入到该机构的网站中。
"Dental amalgams contain mercury, which may have neurotoxic effects on the nervous systems of developing children and fetuses," reads a statement that has been added to the agency's Web site.
在感觉和认知过程的相互作用下，神经系统能把复杂的声音和它们所表达的意思联系起来。
In a beautiful interrelationship between sensory and cognitive processes, the nervous system makes associations between complex sounds and what they mean.
携带许多信息的血清素在脑细胞间的联系中发挥广泛的作用，神经递质一直与进食、睡眠和攻击行为有关。
Serotonin performs a wide variety of jobs by carrying messages across brain cell connections. The neurotransmitter has been linked to behaviors including feeding, sleeping and aggression.
而在神经与肌肉之间充当“信使”的是一种叫做乙酰胆碱酯的酶，神经毒气正是通过抑制这种酶的工作来发挥作用的。
The gas inhibits acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of a chemical messenger responsible for muscle control, which is how it causes much of its ill effects.
DISC1的作用有点像交警，它引导新的神经细胞置于正确的位置，并让这些细胞与其它细胞建立合适的连接。
DISC1 enables a guide to new nerve cells-sort of like a traffic cop-sending them to the right place to make the right connections to other cells.
科学研究正在分离婴儿语言的语音成分，神经、认知和社会因素的相互作用。
And research is teasing apart the phonetic components of babble, along with the interplay of neurologic, cognitive and social factors.
最终，里佐拉蒂将这一惊人的现象称为“镜像神经元”的作用——当某一行为被执行、并且同样的行为被监测到时，该神经元便会被激活。
This amazing phenomenon was what Rizzolatti would eventually dub "mirror neurons" at work-neurons that fire when an action is being performed and when that same action is being observed.
弗里表示说，南极章鱼的毒液有可能是止痛药物的潜在来源，因为它们也是作用于神经系统的。
The venoms are being studied as potential sources of pain-killers, Fry said, because they work on the nervous system.
格林巴利综合症是一种作用于外部神经的快速发病的自身免疫系统紊乱，它将会导致肌肉无力。
Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rapidly developing, immune-mediated disorder of the peripheral nervous system that results in muscular weakness.
研究也表明了基底外侧杏仁核对新生神经元形成情感性记忆的驱动作用。
It also suggests that the basolateral amygdala drives the ability of new neurons to be part of an emotional memory.
这种刺激，可以提升脑活力，促使释放一种可以使精神振奋的神经递质，同时避免了使用药物引起的副作用。
This stimulation increases brain activity and releases neurotransmitters that are known to elevate mood, without the systemic side effects of drug treatments.
这种刺激，可以提升脑活力，促使释放一种可以使精神振奋的神经递质，同时避免了使用药物引起的副作用。
This stimulation increases brain activity and releases neurotransmitters that are known to elevate mood, without the systemic side effects of drug treatments.
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