一百年前，“有色人种”是指代非洲裔美国人的典型方式。
One hundred years ago, "Colored" was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent.
随着时间的推移，人们开始用“餐馆”这个词来指代卖汤的地方，而不是汤本身。
Over time, people began to use the word "restaurant" to refer to a place selling soup rather than the soup itself.
我们的语言是有影响的，我们指代事物的方式很重要，因为这影响我们的思考方式，进而影响我们的行动。
Our language makes a difference, and how we refer to things matters because it affects our thinking and therefore our actions.
1903年，当发现有两个不同的名字指代这一恐龙时，分类学家们将它重新命名为Apatosaurus。
Taxonomists renamed it Apatosaurus in 1903 when it was discovered that two different names referred to the same dinosaur.
格兰诺威特是第一个造出“弱连接”一词的人，他用此词来指代人们不太亲密的相识——换句话说，就是“朋友的朋友”。
It was Granovetter who first coined the term "weak-ties", which he used to refer to people's loose acquaintances—in other words, friends-of-friends.
国防部的计算机网络叫做ARPAnet，指代高级研究计划署网络。
Defense Department computer network called ARPAnet, which stood for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.
论文一词也用于指代论说文或类似作品的一般主张。
The term thesis is also used to refer to the general claim of an essay or similar work.
苏珊：因为在德国，食指代表二。
确定代词清晰地指代了相关名词。
术语模型用于指代整个应用程序模型。
The term model is used to refer to the whole application model.
巴比伦在这里指代罗马。
我是要指代整辆火车。
但“法人”这个词，更加广义，也指代公司。
But when we say "person," it also — that's more general — it also includes corporation.
要理解一个名词，就必须熟悉那个名词指代的东西。
To understand a name you must be acquainted with the particular of which it is a name.
比如，巴黎可以指法国巴黎，也可以指代美国的巴黎市。
For example, 'Paris' could refer to the city in France or the city in the USA (also it could be the name of an infamous socialite).
“白色联邦”曾被用于指代澳大利亚、新西兰和加拿大。
The “White Commonwealth” used to mean Australia, New Zealand, and Canada.
曾经另有一个单词可以指代现在被我们称为窗户的东西。
There had been another word that English men and women used to describe the things we now call windows.
从那以后，它才开始指代其他种类的胶水，例如橡胶胶水。
Since then it has come to mean other types of glue like rubber cement.
这个宏的第一个参数是指代正在处理的特定按钮的标识符。
The first parameter to the macro is an identifier referring to the specific button being handled.
从拉丁语我们很容易看到，女孩这个词同时也指代洋娃娃。
In Latin it's easy to see how the word for girl might be applied also to a doll.
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