一百年前，“有色人种”是指代非洲裔美国人的典型方式。
One hundred years ago, "Colored" was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent.
我们的语言是有影响的，我们指代事物的方式很重要，因为这影响我们的思考方式，进而影响我们的行动。
Our language makes a difference, and how we refer to things matters because it affects our thinking and therefore our actions.
1903年，当发现有两个不同的名字指代这一恐龙时，分类学家们将它重新命名为Apatosaurus。
Taxonomists renamed it Apatosaurus in 1903 when it was discovered that two different names referred to the same dinosaur.
格兰诺威特是第一个造出“弱连接”一词的人，他用此词来指代人们不太亲密的相识——换句话说，就是“朋友的朋友”。
It was Granovetter who first coined the term "weak-ties", which he used to refer to people's loose acquaintances—in other words, friends-of-friends.
随着时间的推移，人们开始用“餐馆”这个词来指代卖汤的地方，而不是汤本身。
Over time, people began to use the word "restaurant" to refer to a place selling soup rather than the soup itself.
论文一词也用于指代论说文或类似作品的一般主张。
The term thesis is also used to refer to the general claim of an essay or similar work.
确定代词清晰地指代了相关名词。
但“法人”这个词，更加广义，也指代公司。
But when we say "person," it also — that's more general — it also includes corporation.
要理解一个名词，就必须熟悉那个名词指代的东西。
To understand a name you must be acquainted with the particular of which it is a name.
比如，巴黎可以指法国巴黎，也可以指代美国的巴黎市。
For example, 'Paris' could refer to the city in France or the city in the USA (also it could be the name of an infamous socialite).
“白色联邦”曾被用于指代澳大利亚、新西兰和加拿大。
The “White Commonwealth” used to mean Australia, New Zealand, and Canada.
曾经另有一个单词可以指代现在被我们称为窗户的东西。
There had been another word that English men and women used to describe the things we now call windows.
这个宏的第一个参数是指代正在处理的特定按钮的标识符。
The first parameter to the macro is an identifier referring to the specific button being handled.
从拉丁语我们很容易看到，女孩这个词同时也指代洋娃娃。
In Latin it's easy to see how the word for girl might be applied also to a doll.
在本文中，我只是用紧凑表达式指代使用一个或多个选项的策略。
In this article, I'll just use compact expression to refer to policies using one or more of these options.
现在这个词指代仿制品、不合格产品或简易制品，如改装汽车等。
Now, the term refers to all manner of knock-off, substandard or improvised goods, such as these makeshift vehicles.
(肘尺)在拉丁语中也曾被用来指代手肘或者从手肘到指尖的距离。
Cubitum was also used in Latin to describe the elbow or the distance from the elbow to the finger-tips.
Any one是一个形容词词组，指代特定但不确定的事物或人。
"Any one" is an adjective phrase that refers to specific but unidentified things or individuals. (A similar distinction applies to anybody and any body, nobody and no body.)
在某些语境中它也指代除心脏外全身任何地方的各种闭塞性血管疾病。
In some contexts it can be used to refer to any sort of occlusive vascular disease anywhere in the body, except the heart.
我们一般使用术语成员(member)来指代字段，方法或者类型。
We use the term member to refer to a field, method, or type in a generic way.
有时我们通过描述一件事物来指代它：“写Hamlet的那个人”。
Sometimes we refer to a thing by describing it: “the man whowrote Hamlet.”
在这些例子中，trade更有种“职业”的含义，而不光指代买卖货物的人。
In these examples the sense is more of a profession than a hawker of goods.
在莎士比亚时期之前很久，train开始指代一系列相关事件或一列类似物品。
It was still well before Shakespeare's time that "train" began to apply to a connected series of events or a line of some kind.
在英语里这些就是礼拜仪式，但在原来的那个希腊单词里，有着更广泛的指代意义。
Those are all liturgy in English, but it comes from the Greek work which had a much broader reference.
从技术的角度而言，数据这一术语指代二进制(机器可读的)信息，如数字或字符。
From a technology viewpoint, the term data typically refers to binary (machine-readable) information such as Numbers or characters.
企业SOA(此术语在本文所述的上下文中使用)指代具有数十或数百服务的组织。
Enterprise SOA (as the term is used in the context of this article) refers to an organization that has tens or hundreds of services.
很多学者认为这一段赞美诗其实是描写Baal的，后来被改编用于指代耶和华。
Some scholars think this actually was originally a psalm about Baal that was simply adopted and referred to Yahweh.
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